Abstract: An apparatus (10) for the repetitive dispensing of a predetermined quantity of eyedrops (12) has a cylinder (14) with a restricted opening (18) at a first end (16). A plunger (20) attached to rod (23) extends into the cylinder (14) from end (22). Biasing member (28) has a ramped cam surface (32) incorporating a pair of steps (46), actuating member (26) has an opposed surface (30) with a projection (44) which rides on ramped cam surface (32) and drops off step (46) when actuating member (26) is rotated. Rotation of the actuating member (26) also advances the actuating member (26) on threaded member (24). Spring (42) biases surfaces (30) and (32) together. A projection (44) drops over each step (46), plunger (20) is moved incrementally toward end (16) of cylinder (14) to discharge eyedrops (12) through opening (18 ). A disposable cartridge (50) may be substituted for the cylinder (14).

Abstract: Apparatus for introducing an ionized drug solution into the eye having a member formed of an insulating material adapted to be secured to the eye. The member has a nose which is adapted to come in contact with the eye and form a liquid-tight seal therewith. The member has a passageway therein with a cross sectional area of less than approximately 1 millimeter in diameter. An ionized drug solution fills the passageway. An electrical circuit is provided for causing current flow through the drug solution to cause a high voltage gradient and a high current density to be established in the eye in the vicinity of the portion of the eye in contact with the drug solution in the passageway to cause the drug solution to be carried from the passageway into the eye.

Abstract: This invention relates to the freezing of biological tissues in a rapid manner in order to prevent the formation of ice crystals in tissue surface layers. The apparatus consists of a reservoir containing a liquid quenchant near its melting temperature, a jet nozzle for delivery of the liquid, and a means of preventing liquid from contacting tissue until it has reached low temperature and a uniform flow has been established.Fixation occurs within a small fraction of a second near the tissue surface, so that small polar molecules and ions can be prevented from diffusion during and after fixation, and their position at the time of fixation can be later determined. The process is applicable to freeze-fixation, freeze-preservation, freeze-fracture, and to rapid cooling of small areas of surfaces when it is desired to limit crystal formation by establishing a high rate of cooling.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for applying therapeutic eye drops to the eye by metering a predetermined volume of fluid and rapidly applying a pressure to one end of the metered fluid for forcing the fluid from a nozzle of means defining a small passageway such as an open-ended tube as a droplet having sufficient velocity to travel a generally horizontal distance in space to the eye. Unit dose application and multiple dose application are included and provision is made for preventing anticipatory blinking of the eye during self-administration.