Abstract: In described examples, a processor system includes a processor core that generates memory write requests, a cache memory, and a memory pipeline of the cache memory. The memory pipeline has a holding buffer, an anchor stage, and an RMW pipeline. The anchor stage determines whether a data payload of a write request corresponds to a partial write. If so, the data payload is written to the holding buffer and conforming data is read from a corresponding cache memory address to merge with the data payload. The RMW pipeline has a merge stage and a syndrome generation stage. The merge stage merges the data payload in the holding buffer with the conforming data to make merged data. The syndrome generation stage generates an ECC syndrome using the merged data. The memory pipeline writes the data payload and ECC syndrome to the cache memory.

Abstract: An apparatus including a CPU core and a L1 cache subsystem coupled to the CPU core. The L1 cache subsystem includes a L1 main cache, a L1 victim cache, and a L1 controller. The apparatus includes a L2 cache subsystem coupled to the L1 cache subsystem. The L2 cache subsystem includes a L2 main cache, a shadow L1 main cache, a shadow L1 victim cache, and a L2 controller. The L2 controller receives an indication from the L1 controller that a cache line A is being relocated from the L1 main cache to the L1 victim cache; in response to the indication, update the shadow L1 main cache to reflect that the cache line A is no longer located in the L1 main cache; and in response to the indication, update the shadow L1 victim cache to reflect that the cache line A is located in the L1 victim cache.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a central processing unit (CPU) core and a cache subsystem coupled to the CPU core. The cache subsystem includes a first memory, a second memory, and a controller coupled to the first and second memories. The controller is configured to receive a transaction from a master, the transaction directed to the first memory and comprising an address; re-calculate an error correcting code (ECC) for a line of data in the second memory associated with the address; determine that a non-correctable error is present in the line of data in the second memory based on a comparison of the re-calculated ECC and a stored ECC for the line of data; and in response to the determination that a non-correctable error is present in the line of data in the second memory, terminate the transaction without accessing the first memory.

Abstract: A system includes a non-coherent component; a coherent, non-caching component; a coherent, caching component; and a level two (L2) cache subsystem coupled to the non-coherent component, the coherent, non-caching component, and the coherent, caching component. The L2 cache subsystem includes a L2 cache; a shadow level one (L1) main cache; a shadow L1 victim cache; and a L2 controller. The L2 controller is configured to receive and process a first transaction from the non-coherent component; receive and process a second transaction from the coherent, non-caching component; and receive and process a third transaction from the coherent, caching component.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a central processing unit (CPU) core and a cache subsystem coupled to the CPU core. The cache subsystem includes a first memory, a second memory, and a controller coupled to the first and second memories. The controller is configured to execute a sequence of scrubbing transactions on the first memory and execute a functional transaction on the second memory. One of the scrubbing transactions and the functional transaction are executed concurrently.

Abstract: A method includes receiving, by a level two (L2) controller, a write request for an address that is not allocated as a cache line in a L2 cache. The write request specifies write data. The method also includes generating, by the L2 controller, a read request for the address; reserving, by the L2 controller, an entry in a register file for read data returned in response to the read request; updating, by the L2 controller, a data field of the entry with the write data; updating, by the L2 controller, an enable field of the entry associated with the write data; and receiving, by the L2 controller, the read data and merging the read data into the data field of the entry.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a CPU core, a first cache subsystem coupled to the CPU core, and a second memory coupled to the cache subsystem. The first cache subsystem includes a configuration register, a first memory, and a controller. The controller is configured to: receive a request directed to an address in the second memory and, in response to the configuration register having a first value, operate in a non-caching mode. In the non-caching mode, the controller is configured to provide the request to the second memory without caching data returned by the request in the first memory. In response to the configuration register having a second value, the controller is configured to operate in a caching mode. In the caching mode the controller is configured to provide the request to the second memory and cache data returned by the request in the first memory.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a CPU core and a L1 cache subsystem including a L1 main cache, a L1 victim cache, and a L1 controller. The apparatus includes a L2 cache subsystem coupled to the L1 cache subsystem by a transaction bus and a tag update bus. The L2 cache subsystem includes a L2 main cache, a shadow L1 main cache, a shadow L1 victim cache, and a L2 controller. The L2 controller receives a message from the L1 controller over the tag update bus, including a valid signal, an address, and a coherence state. In response to the valid signal being asserted, the L2 controller identifies an entry in the shadow L1 main cache or the shadow L1 victim cache having an address corresponding to the address of the message and updates a coherence state of the identified entry to be the coherence state of the message.

Abstract: In described examples, a coherent memory system includes a central processing unit (CPU) and first and second level caches. The memory system can include a pipeline for accessing data stored in one of the caches. Requestors can access the data stored in one of the caches by sending requests at a same time that can be arbitrated by the pipeline.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a CPU core, a first memory cache with a first line size, and a second memory cache having a second line size larger than the first line size. Each line of the second memory cache includes an upper half and a lower half. A memory controller subsystem is coupled to the CPU core and to the first and second memory caches. Upon a miss in the first memory cache for a first target address, the memory controller subsystem determines that the first target address resulting in the miss maps to the lower half of a line in the second memory cache, retrieves the entire line from the second memory cache, and returns the entire line from the second memory cache to the first memory cache.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a CPU core, a first memory cache with a first line size, and a second memory cache having a second line size larger than the first line size. Each line of the second memory cache includes an upper half and a lower half. A memory controller subsystem is coupled to the CPU core and to the first and second memory caches. Upon a miss in the first memory cache for a first target address, the memory controller subsystem determines that the first target address resulting in the miss maps to the lower half of a line in the second memory cache, retrieves the entire line from the second memory cache, and returns the entire line from the second memory cache to the first memory cache.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide techniques for generating digital tokens corresponding to determined generated real-world assets in a consensus-based authorization framework. In various embodiments, a client device coupled to a real-world asset generating device can determine that a real-world asset has been generated, and based on the determination, generate a request transaction for a digital token corresponding to the determined generated real-world asset. The request can be stored on a distributed ledger so that privileged entities can determine that the request is pending approval. Privileged client devices associated with the privileged entities can then generate approval transactions for generating the digital token corresponding to the determined generated real-world asset.

Abstract: A system comprises a processor including a CPU core, first and second memory caches, and a memory controller subsystem. The memory controller subsystem speculatively determines a hit or miss condition of a virtual address in the first memory cache and speculatively translates the virtual address to a physical address. Associated with the hit or miss condition and the physical address, the memory controller subsystem configures a status to a valid state. Responsive to receipt of a first indication from the CPU core that no program instructions associated with the virtual address are needed, the memory controller subsystem reconfigures the status to an invalid state and, responsive to receipt of a second indication from the CPU core that a program instruction associated with the virtual address is needed, the memory controller subsystem reconfigures the status back to a valid state.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a CPU core, a first memory cache with a first line size, and a second memory cache having a second line size larger than the first line size. Each line of the second memory cache includes an upper half and a lower half. A memory controller subsystem is coupled to the CPU core and to the first and second memory caches. Upon a miss in the first memory cache for a first target address, the memory controller subsystem determines that the first target address resulting in the miss maps to the lower half of a line in the second memory cache, retrieves the entire line from the second memory cache, and returns the entire line from the second memory cache to the first memory cache.

Abstract: A system comprises a processor including a CPU core, first and second memory caches, and a memory controller subsystem. The memory controller subsystem speculatively determines a hit or miss condition of a virtual address in the first memory cache and speculatively translates the virtual address to a physical address. Associated with the hit or miss condition and the physical address, the memory controller subsystem configures a status to a valid state. Responsive to receipt of a first indication from the CPU core that no program instructions associated with the virtual address are needed, the memory controller subsystem reconfigures the status to an invalid state and, responsive to receipt of a second indication from the CPU core that a program instruction associated with the virtual address is needed, the memory controller subsystem reconfigures the status back to a valid state.

Abstract: This invention is a cache system with a memory attribute register having plural entries. Each entry stores a write-through or a write-back indication for a corresponding memory address range. On a write to cached data the cache the cache consults the memory attribute register for the corresponding address range. Writes to addresses in regions marked as write-through always update all levels of the memory hierarchy. Writes to addresses in regions marked as write-back update only the first cache level that can service the write. The memory attribute register is preferably a memory mapped control register writable by the central processing unit.

Abstract: This invention assures cache coherence in a multi-level cache system upon eviction of a higher level cache line. A victim buffer stored data on evicted lines. On a DMA access that may be cached in the higher level cache the lower level cache sends a snoop write. The address of this snoop write is compared with the victim buffer. On a hit in the victim buffer the write completes in the victim buffer. When the victim data passes to the next cache level it is written into a second victim buffer to be retired when the data is committed to cache. DMA write addresses are compared to addresses in this second victim buffer. On a match the write takes place in the second victim buffer. On a failure to match the controller sends a snoop write.

Abstract: This invention is a cache system with a memory attribute register having plural entries. Each entry stores a write-through or a write-back indication for a corresponding memory address range. On a write to cached data the cache the cache consults the memory attribute register for the corresponding address range. Writes to addresses in regions marked as write-through always update all levels of the memory hierarchy. Writes to addresses in regions marked as write-back update only the first cache level that can service the write. The memory attribute register is preferably a memory mapped control register writable by the central processing unit.

Abstract: This invention assures cache coherence in a multi-level cache system upon eviction of a higher level cache line. A victim buffer stored data on evicted lines. On a DMA access that may be cached in the higher level cache the lower level cache sends a snoop write. The address of this snoop write is compared with the victim buffer. On a hit in the victim buffer the write completes in the victim buffer. When the victim data passes to the next cache level it is written into a second victim buffer to be retired when the data is committed to cache. DMA write addresses are compared to addresses in this second victim buffer. On a match the write takes place in the second victim buffer. On a failure to match the controller sends a snoop write.