Abstract: An item to write on a surface of a celestial body that has less atmosphere than Earth is received at a communications station and from a user device. An instruction that triggers the robot to write the item on the surface of the celestial body is provided by the communications station and to a robot on the surface of the celestial body. An image of the item written on the surface of the celestial body is received by the communications station and from the robot. The image of the item written on the surface of the celestial body is provided by the communications station and to the user device.

Abstract: An apparatus includes feeds to form analog beams. The feeds are divided into panels. The apparatus includes processing circuitry that divides a target area for communications coverage into regions, including a first region and a second region neighboring each other. The processing circuitry generates, for the first region, a first plurality of analog beams, forming a first cluster. The processing circuitry generates, in the first cluster from the first plurality of analog beams, a first plurality of hybrid beams arranged in a first arrangement in the first cluster. The processing circuitry generates, for the second region, a second plurality of analog beams, forming a second cluster. The processing circuitry generates, in the second cluster from the second plurality of analog beams, a second plurality of hybrid beams arranged in a second arrangement that is adjacent to the first plurality of hybrid beams in the first arrangement.

Abstract: An apparatus includes feeds to form analog beams. The feeds are divided into panels. The apparatus includes processing circuitry that divides a target area for communications coverage into regions, including a first region and a second region neighboring each other. The processing circuitry generates, for the first region, a first plurality of analog beams, forming a first cluster. The processing circuitry generates, in the first cluster from the first plurality of analog beams, a first plurality of hybrid beams arranged in a first arrangement in the first cluster. The processing circuitry generates, for the second region, a second plurality of analog beams, forming a second cluster. The processing circuitry generates, in the second cluster from the second plurality of analog beams, a second plurality of hybrid beams arranged in a second arrangement that is adjacent to the first plurality of hybrid beams in the first arrangement.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a plurality of feeds that form analog beams. The plurality of feeds is divided into a plurality of panels, each panel including one or more feeds from the plurality of feeds. The apparatus also includes processing circuitry, which determines a target area for communications coverage and divides the target area into a plurality of regions. The processing circuitry generates, for each region, a plurality of analog beams. A subset of panels of the plurality of panels generates one or more analog beams of the plurality of analog beams. The plurality of analog beams covering each region forms a cluster. The processing circuitry generates, in each cluster, one or more hybrid beams. Each hybrid beam is a digital beam that is generated by combining one or more analog beams of the plurality of analog beams corresponding to the cluster.

Abstract: An apparatus includes feeds to form analog beams. The feeds are divided into panels. The apparatus includes processing circuitry that divides a target area for communications coverage into regions, including a first region and a second region neighboring each other. The processing circuitry generates, for the first region, a first plurality of analog beams, forming a first cluster. The processing circuitry generates, in the first cluster from the first plurality of analog beams, a first plurality of hybrid beams arranged in a first arrangement in the first cluster. The processing circuitry generates, for the second region, a second plurality of analog beams, forming a second cluster. The processing circuitry generates, in the second cluster from the second plurality of analog beams, a second plurality of hybrid beams arranged in a second arrangement that is adjacent to the first plurality of hybrid beams in the first arrangement.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a plurality of feeds that form analog beams. The plurality of feeds is divided into a plurality of panels, each panel including one or more feeds from the plurality of feeds. The apparatus also includes processing circuitry, which determines a target area for communications coverage and divides the target area into a plurality of regions. The processing circuitry generates, for each region, a plurality of analog beams. A subset of panels of the plurality of panels generates one or more analog beams of the plurality of analog beams. The plurality of analog beams covering each region forms a cluster. The processing circuitry generates, in each cluster, one or more hybrid beams. Each hybrid beam is a digital beam that is generated by combining one or more analog beams of the plurality of analog beams corresponding to the cluster.

Abstract: Fade conditions are determined for each gateway in gateway clusters of a set of gateway clusters. A proper subset of the gateway clusters is selected based on the fade conditions determined for each gateway. A beam plan is determined based on the proper subset of the gateway clusters. The beam plan is executed.

Abstract: Fade conditions are determined for each gateway in gateway clusters of a set of gateway clusters. A proper subset of the gateway clusters is selected based on the fade conditions determined for each gateway. A beam plan is determined based on the proper subset of the gateway clusters. The beam plan is executed.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a plurality of feeds that form analog beams. The plurality of feeds is divided into a plurality of panels, each panel including one or more feeds from the plurality of feeds. The apparatus also includes processing circuitry, which determines a target area for communications coverage and divides the target area into a plurality of regions. The processing circuitry generates, for each region, a plurality of analog beams. A subset of panels of the plurality of panels generates one or more analog beams of the plurality of analog beams. The plurality of analog beams covering each region forms a cluster. The processing circuitry generates, in each cluster, one or more hybrid beams. Each hybrid beam is a digital beam that is generated by combining one or more analog beams of the plurality of analog beams corresponding to the cluster.

Abstract: An apparatus includes feeds to form analog beams. The feeds are divided into panels. The apparatus includes processing circuitry that divides a target area for communications coverage into regions, including a first region and a second region neighboring each other. The processing circuitry generates, for the first region, a first plurality of analog beams, forming a first cluster. The processing circuitry generates, in the first cluster from the first plurality of analog beams, a first plurality of hybrid beams arranged in a first arrangement in the first cluster. The processing circuitry generates, for the second region, a second plurality of analog beams, forming a second cluster. The processing circuitry generates, in the second cluster from the second plurality of analog beams, a second plurality of hybrid beams arranged in a second arrangement that is adjacent to the first plurality of hybrid beams in the first arrangement.

Abstract: The present invention provides a folded low-complexity (FLC) pipeline. In one embodiment, the FLC pipeline includes a dot product unit chain configured to employ only addition and multiplication operations to compute intermediate numerators and denominators from a received signal matrix, a channel gain matrix and a noise matrix. Additionally, FLC pipeline also includes a divider stage configured to terminate the dot product unit chain by computing an unscaled quotient and a scale factor from ultimate ones of the intermediate numerators and denominators.