Abstract: An energy storage device including an anode, a cathode, at least one of the anode and the cathode including a carbon nanosheet having an active material, such as selenium, in and/or on the carbon nanosheet, and an electrolyte. A carbon material including a carbon nanosheet derived from a biological precursor, such as nanocrystalline cellulose, including a plurality of micropores and an active material impregnated into at least a portion of the micropores of the carbon nanosheet.

Abstract: An energy storage device, such as a sodium ion capacitor, including an anode and a cathode, at least one of the anode and the cathode including a nitrogen and oxygen functionalized carbon (NOFC). The NOFC has a nitrogen content greater than 4 wt %, such as 13 wt %, an oxygen content greater than 8 wt %, such as 11 wt %, and a surface area greater than 800 m2g?1, such as 945 m2g?1. The energy storage device has favorable reversible and rate capability, such as 437 mAhg?1 at 100 mAg?1, and 185 mAhg?1 at 1600 mA g?1.

Abstract: Carbon nanosheets fabricated by carbonization and activation or by carbonization alone. The nanosheets possess a disordered structure for copious reversible binding of ions at the carbon defects. They are also hierarchically micro-meso-macro porous, allowing facile ion transport at high rates both through the pore-filling electrolyte and in the solid-state. Also, a combined battery—supercapacitor energy storage device using the carbon nanosheets as one or both of the electrodes therein. Tuning the mass-loading ratio of the carbon nanosheets in the two electrodes configures the carbon nanosheets to operate either as a bulk insertion electrode (anode) or a surface adsorption electrode (cathode). The energy storage device may further include a housing with a form factor of a commercial battery.

Abstract: A carbon material comprising pyrolized egg protein characterized by containing mesopores or micropores. The pyrolized egg protein may comprise pyrolyzed eggshell membrane having a continuous conducting core and a porous shell, the pyrolyzed eggshell membrane comprising partially-activated carbon. The porous shell may comprise nitrogen or oxygen. The pyrolized egg protein may comprise mesoporous egg white.

Abstract: An electrode of an energy storage device and methods of fabrication are provided which include: pyrolyzing a carbon-containing precursor to form a stabilized-carbonized material; and annealing the stabilized-carbonized material to form a structurally-modified activated carbon material. The structurally-modified activated carbon material includes a tunable pore size distribution and an electrochemically-active surface area. The electrochemically-active surface area of the structurally-modified activated carbon material is greater than a surface area of graphene having at least one layer, the surface area of the graphene having at least one layer being about 2630 m2 g?1.

Abstract: An electrical energy storage device, which may be for example a sodium ion capacitor (NIC), lithium ion capacitor (LIC), hybrid ion capacitor, a sodium ion battery or lithium ion battery. Active materials in either or both the anode and the cathode may be derived entirely or primarily from a single precursor: legume or nut shells, for example peanut shells, which are a green and highly economical waste globally generated in million tons per year.

Abstract: A combined hydrothermal and activation process that uses hemp bast fiber as the precursor to achieve graphene-like carbon nanosheets, a carbon nanosheet including carbonized crystalline cellulose, a carbon nanosheet formed by carbonizing crystalline cellulose, a capacitative structure includes interconnected carbon nanosheets of carbonized crystalline cellulose, a method of forming a nanosheet including carbonizing crystalline cellulose to create carbonized crystalline cellulose. The interconnected two-dimensional carbon nanosheets also contain very high levels of mesoporosity.

Abstract: There is disclosed a combined hydrothermal and activation process that uses hemp bast fiber as the precursor to achieve graphene-like carbon nanosheets, a carbon nanosheet comprising carbonized crystalline cellulose, a carbon nanosheet formed by carbonizing crystalline cellulose, a capacitative structure comprises interconnected carbon nanosheets of carbonized crystalline cellulose, a method of forming a nanosheet comprising carbonizing crystalline cellulose to create carbonized crystalline cellulose. The interconnected two-dimensional carbon nanosheets also contain very high levels of mesoporosity.

Abstract: An anode for a battery including an electrochemically active material including a ternary alloy of tin (Sn), germanium (Ge), and antimony (Sb). A battery including the anode, a cathode, a separator, and an electrolyte. The ternary alloy may include SnxGeySbz, where x+y+z=100, and x?y or x?z. The alloy may include a multiphase microstructure with an amorphous phase and nanocrystalline phase, each of the phases being ion active.

Abstract: A hydrogen absorbing and desorbing material formed by co-deposition of magnesium with a catalyst for the kinetic absorption and desorption of hydrogen. A hydrogen absorbing and desorbing material formed of an alloy of magnesium with a catalyst for the kinetic absorption and desorption of hydrogen in which the catalyst for the kinetic absorption and desorption of hydrogen forms a dispersed amorphous or nanocrystalline phase in the magnesium. A hydrogen absorbing and desorbing material having a catalytic surface formed by a process comprising the steps of depositing a layer of tantalum on the hydrogen absorbing and desorbing material and depositing a layer of palladium on the layer of tantalum. A hydrogen absorbing and desorbing material comprises a multilayer film having at least two layers of magnesium and at least two layers of catalyst for the kinetic absorption and desorption of hydrogen, in which the multilayer film comprises alternating layers of magnesium and catalyst.

Abstract: There is disclosed a combined hydrothermal and activation process that uses hemp bast fiber as the precursor to achieve graphene-like carbon nanosheets, a carbon nanosheet comprising carbonized crystalline cellulose, a carbon nanosheet formed by carbonizing crystalline cellulose, a capacitative structure comprises interconnected carbon nanosheets of carbonized crystalline cellulose, a method of forming a nanosheet comprising carbonizing crystalline cellulose to create carbonized crystalline cellulose. The interconnected two-dimensional carbon nanosheets also contain very high levels of mesoporosity.

Abstract: A carbon material comprising pyrolized egg protein characterized by containing mesopores or micropores. The pyrolized egg protein may comprise pyrolyzed eggshell membrane having a continuous conducting core and a porous shell, the pyrolyzed eggshell membrane comprising partially-activated carbon. The porous shell may comprise nitrogen or oxygen. The pyrolized egg protein may comprise mesoporous egg white.

Abstract: A hydrogen absorbing and desorbing material formed by co-deposition of magnesium with a catalyst for the kinetic absorption and desorption of hydrogen. A hydrogen absorbing and desorbing material formed of an alloy of magnesium with a catalyst for the kinetic absorption and desorption of hydrogen in which the catalyst for the kinetic absorption and desorption of hydrogen forms a dispersed amorphous or nanocrystalline phase in the magnesium. A hydrogen absorbing and desorbing material having a catalytic surface formed by a process comprising the steps of depositing a layer of tantalum on the hydrogen absorbing and desorbing material and depositing a layer of palladium on the layer of tantalum. A hydrogen absorbing and desorbing material comprises a multilayer film having at least two layers of magnesium and at least two layers of catalyst for the kinetic absorption and desorption of hydrogen, in which the multilayer film comprises alternating layers of magnesium and catalyst.

Abstract: An all-metal microdevice or nanodevice such as an atomic force microscope probe is manufactured from a copper-hafnium alloy thin film having an x-ray amorphous microstructure.

Abstract: An all-metal microdevice or nanodevice such as an atomic force microscope probe is manufactured from a copper-hafnium alloy thin film having an x-ray amorphous microstructure.

Abstract: A thin-film composition of nanocrystal molybdenum in an amorphous metallic matrix may be formed by co-sputtering Mo with aluminum or nickel. NEMS cantilevers may be formed from the film. The films exhibit high nanoindentation hardness and a reduction in roughness and intrinsic stress, while maintaining resistivity in the metallic range.

Abstract: A method of adsorbing mercury includes the use of silver nanodots formed on chabazite as a sorbent. The silver nanodots may be formed on chabazite by ion-exchange followed by activation.

Abstract: A thin-film composition of nanocrystal molybdenum in an amorphous metallic matrix may be formed by co-sputtering Mo with aluminum or nickel. NEMS cantilevers may be formed from the film. The films exhibit high nanoindentation hardness and a reduction in roughness and intrinsic stress, while maintaining resistivity in the metallic range.

Abstract: An Al—Cu—Si—Ge quaternary alloy uses Si—Ge additions to provide a reasonably dense and homogeneous distribution of precipitates. Heterogeneous nucleation on this Si—Ge template is used to enhance both strength and thermal stability. These precipitates are used as a template for heterogeneous precipitation of other hardening phases, particularly the •′ (Al2Cu) phase. Thus, a Si—Ge addition is used to provide a dense template of heterogeneous nucleation sites for subsequent precipitation of Al—Cu precipitates.