Abstract: A medical training simulator system is disclosed for procedural skill development and objective feedback. The system includes a simulator base with a common physical interface for receiving modular anatomy units, each unit containing an embedded memory module storing calibration and geometry data. A sensor system features an array of light emitters and an instrumented medical needle with a light detection system to track needle position and detect events such as vessel entry. A controller automatically reads unit-specific data and configures signal processing to provide real-time feedback and infiltration alerts. The platform supports interchangeable anatomy modules simulating structures such as veins, lungs, and spines, enabling training for cannulation, biopsy, and epidural procedures. The system is designed for use in medical education and procedural assessment, offering modularity, accurate event detection, and user feedback to improve clinical skills.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a system for evaluating a user during a physical cannulation simulation. The system includes a physical cannulation simulator and one or more sensors configured to measure data during the physical cannulation simulation by the user using the physical cannulation simulator. The system further includes one or more processors configured to receive the data measured by each of the one or more sensors and calculate metrics using the data. The one or more processors are further configured to apply a model to the metrics to determine a composite simulation success score and compare the composite simulation success score to a threshold score. In response to comparing the composite simulation success score to the threshold score, the one or more processors are configured to output an indication of one or more of an absolute performance or a relative performance for the first user during the physical cannulation simulation.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a system for evaluating a user during a physical cannulation simulation. The system includes a physical cannulation simulator and one or more sensors configured to measure data during the physical cannulation simulation by the user using the physical cannulation simulator. The system further includes one or more processors configured to receive the data measured by each of the one or more sensors and calculate metrics using the data. The one or more processors are further configured to apply a model to the metrics to determine a composite simulation success score and compare the composite simulation success score to a threshold score. In response to comparing the composite simulation success score to the threshold score, the one or more processors are configured to output an indication of one or more of an absolute performance or a relative performance for the first user during the physical cannulation simulation.

Abstract: Highly sensitive and tunable RF sensors that provide detection and analysis of single cells and particles are provided. The tunable RF sensors are configured as tunable interferometers, wherein cells or particles to be analyzed are passed through a channel, such as a microfluidic channel, across waveguides corresponding to reference and test branches of the interferometers. A network analyzer coupled to the interferometers can be configured to measure a plurality of scattering parameters, such as transmission scattering coefficients (S21) of the reference and test branches, to evaluate characteristics of cells passing through the channel. A plurality of tunable interferometers may be employed, each interferometer operating in different frequency bands such that information obtain from the plurality of interferometers may be combined to provide further information.

Abstract: Disclosed are highly sensitive and tunable RF sensors that provide detection and analysis of single cells and particles. The tunable RF sensors are configured as tunable interferometers, wherein cells or particles to be analyzed are passed through a channel, such as a microfluidic channel, across waveguides corresponding to reference and test branches of the interferometers. A network analyzer coupled to the interferometers can be configured to measure a plurality of scattering parameters, such as transmission scattering coefficients (S21) of the reference and test branches, to evaluate characteristics of cells passing through the channel. A plurality of tunable interferometers may be employed, each interferometer operating in different frequency bands such that information obtain from the plurality of interferometers may be combined to provide further information.

Abstract: A tissue product having a softening composition applied to at least one side is generally disclosed. The softening composition includes a polysiloxane micelle having a core polysiloxane and an outer layer polysiloxane. The core polysiloxane is more hydrophobic than the outer layer polysiloxane. In one embodiment, the core polysiloxane is an amino-functional polysiloxane, and the outer layer polysiloxane is a polyether polysiloxane. The softening composition can also contain other optional ingredients, such as surfactants and beneficial agents.

Abstract: The inner plies of a multi-ply antimicrobial tissue product are selectively weakened by chemical or mechanical means to improve the overall softness of the tissue product. The addition of a deliquescent salt to the inner ply or plies containing the antimicrobial agent is particularly advantageous.

Abstract: The fluid intake rate of a tissue product having at least one hydrophobic exterior layer can be increased significantly by the addition of apertures through the hydrophobic exterior layer to the tissue product's hydrophilic interior layer. The apertures allow for fluid to be absorbed by the hydrophilic interior layer, while leaving the hydrophobic exterior layer dry to the touch. The size, number and spacing of the apertures can be controlled to manage the absorbent properties of the tissue product. In one embodiment, a three-ply tissue product has two exterior hydrophobic plies each having a plurality of apertures extending from the surface of both exterior plies through the plies to a hydrophilic interior ply.

Abstract: The disclosed invention is directed to pulp fibers suitable for forming a wet-laid paper product which include amino-functionality which is non-extractable in an aqueous phase. The pulp fibers may be prepared by applying an amino-functional additive to a fibrous web prior to the finishing operation at a pulp mill. The fibrous web may then be repulped at a papermaking machine to form a paper web which includes the amino-functionalized fibers of the present invention. A paper web formed of the amino-functionalized fibers may display unique and/or improved reactivity toward certain papermaking additives.

Abstract: The disclosed invention is directed to pulp fibers suitable for forming a wet-laid paper product which include amino-functionality which is non-extractable in an aqueous phase. The pulp fibers may be prepared by applying an amino-functional additive to a fibrous web prior to the finishing operation at a pulp mill. The fibrous web may then be repulped at a papermaking machine to form a paper web which includes the amino-functionalized fibers of the present invention. A paper web formed of the amino-functionalized fibers may display unique and/or improved reactivity toward certain papermaking additives.