Abstract: The invention relates to an optically non-linear active waveguiding material comprising an optically transparent polymer and a donor group and acceptor group-containing triphenylcarbinol as a dopant. Said dopants have a high hyperpolarizability and have a charge-transfer absorption band which is about the same as that of their corresponding compounds having only one donor-.pi.-acceptor unit. The triphenylcarbinols were found to display good solubility in polymers. Nitro-functionalized triphenylcarbinols are preferred because of their charge-transfer absorption band at a low wavelength (.lambda..sub.max at about 290 nm). Aldehyde-functionalized calix(4)arenes were also found to have this low wavelength charge-transfer absorption band (.lambda..sub.max at about 270 nm). Triphenyls comprising stilbene donor-.pi.-acceptor units are preferred because of their high hyperpolarizability.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optically non-linear active waveguiding material comprising an optically transparent polymer and a non-linear optical dopant comprising more than one donor-.pi.-acceptor unit.Dopants comprising more than one donor-.pi.-acceptor unit, especially dopants in which the donor-.pi.-acceptor units are positioned in a cyclic group, have a high hyperpolarizability and a charge-transfer absorption band wavelength which is about the same as that of dopants with only one donor-.pi.-acceptor unit.Especially suitable dopants for use are calix(4)arenes. These are provided with acceptor groups at the upper rim and with donor groups at the lower rim. In addition to having excellent hyperpolarizability, these compounds were found to be readily soluble in host polymers, such as polymethylene (meth) acrylate and polystyrene.

Abstract: The invention relates to a membrane that is selective for anions, particularly phosphate, comprising an ionophore based on a uranyl complex with the annexed general formula, whereinA, B, C, D=RA+B+C+D=(C.sub.5 -C.sub.7) aryl, (C.sub.5 -C.sub.7) cycloalkyl,(C.sub.1 -C.sub.30) alkyl (C.sub.5 -C.sub.10) aryl, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.30) alkyl (C.sub.5 -C.sub.10) cycloalkyl,E+E', G+G'=aryl, such as phenyl and naphthyl, or aryl substituted with a substituent (C.sub.1 -C.sub.30) alkoxy, or aryl substituted with the individual substituent or the substituent joined by ring closure K and/or K--CONH--L, whereinK, L=H --R--(CH.sub.2).sub.m --, --R--(CH.sub.2).sub.m --R, --X--(CH.sub.2).sub.m --, --X(CH.sub.2).sub.m --R, --X--(CH.sub.2).sub.m --X, --X(CH.sub.2).sub.m --X--R, --RX(CH.sub.2).sub.m --, --RX(CH.sub.2).sub.m --XR, --X--(R--X).sub.n --,wherein X=O, S; m= 0-10 and n= 0-10R=(C.sub.1 -C.sub.30) alkyl, (C.sub.5 -C.sub.10) aryl, (C.sub.5 -C.sub.10) cycloalkyl, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.30) alkyl (C.sub.5 -C.sub.10) aryl, (C.sub.

Abstract: An ionophore according to the general formula I wherein the substituents are chosen such that the ionophore is either also polymerized in the matrix of a membrane selective for metal ions or interwoven therewith. Thus obtained is a membrane having a long useful life for use in diverse sensors such as ISFET, ion-selective electrode, and the like.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for manufacturing a REFET and/or CHEMFET, comprising: (a) covalent bonding of a hydrophilic polymer layer to an isolator layer applied to a semiconductor material; (b) the absorption of water or a watery solution into said hydrophilic polymer layer; and (c) the binding of a hydrophobic polymer layer to the water holding hydrophilic polymer layer. It is advantageous that this water holding hydrophilic polymer layer also contains an electrolyte and/or a buffer.Preferably an ion to be measured with the CHEMFET also forms part of the electrolyte.

Abstract: A process for modifying an oxide surface of a semi-conductor material, for example included in an ISFET, wherein a coating of a polymer is applied to the oxide surface. The polymer is chemically bonded to the oxide surface. Optionally a second coating can comprise metal ion complexing groups. The process can be used for manufacturing an ISFET.

Abstract: Barium sulfate scale is dissolved by contacting it with an aqueous solution of: a bicyclic macrocyclic polyether in which the intramolecular cavity or cript is preferentially receptive to the cations of alkaline earth metals, at least a catalytically effective proportion of an alkali metal salt of an organic acid, and enough dissolved alkaline inorganic alkali metal or ammonium compound to provide a solution pH of at least about 8.

Abstract: Novel complexes of macrocyclic polyethers such as 1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaoxacyclooctadecane (18-crown-6) and disulfonates of the formula I ##STR1## wherein X represents barium or strontium and R.sup.1 is an alkylene moiety, optionally substituted with an alkyl group, are described as well as a process for isolating said macrocylic polyethers through formation of said novel complexes. In the isolation process disclosed, a macrocyclic polyether containing solution is contacted with a disulfonate of formula I to afford the polyether-disulfonate complex as a solid suspension in the solution, the suspended complex is separated from the solution and the separated complex is extracted with a solvent for the macrocyclic polyether.

Abstract: Barium sulfate scale can be removed from remote locations such as those in or around the borehole of a well extending into a subterranean earth formation by contacting the scale with an aqueous solution consisting essentially of water,a monovalent cation salt of a monocyclic macrocyclic polyamine containing at least two nitrogen-linked carboxymethyl groups and enough monovalent basic compound to provide a solution pH of about 8.

Abstract: Macrocyclic polyethers, their preparation, complexes of these macrocyclic polyethers and their preparation are described.

Abstract: Macrocyclic polyethers, their preparation, complexes of these macrocyclic polyethers and their preparation are described.