Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of an anode suitable for use in inter alia a reactor for elimination or reduction of microbial impurities from liquids, such as inter alia waste water and water intended for human or animal consumption. The anode comprises an expanded metal plate, preferably titanium, covered with a non-corrosive metal layer, preferably a platinum layer.

Abstract: A dental unit water line (DUWL) monitoring and maintenance apparatus, for monitoring a DUWL. The apparatus comprises cleansing means attached to the DUWL for cleansing the fluid passing therethrough. Control means controls the cleansing means associated with the water line. Monitoring means monitors the operation of the dental unit by a dentist in use and storing data related to that operation. A timer times and records data relating to both periods of dental unit activity and inactivity, wherein, in use, the control means operates to receive data from the monitoring means and the timer and, based upon that data and reference data controls the operation of the water line to control flow of fluid through that DUWL and controls the cleanser to control the overall cleansing procedures associated with both the dental unit and associated DUWL.

Abstract: A water treatment process subjects raw water, for instance in a recirculating heat exchange, for instance cooling, system sequentially and immediately to an ion exchange step of a biocide step, the biocide step involving treatment in an electrochemical reactor. The biocide step contacts ion exchange water with a pair of electrodes in the presence of a catalyst, for instance platinum. The process provides efficient avoidance of microorganism build-up and minimises regeneration times. Water flows through inlet (1) downwards through a bed of ion exchange resin in ion exchange unit (2), directly into electrochemical reactor (3) comprising alternating corrugated anodes and cathodes connected by d.c. power supply (4) and out of outlet (5).

Abstract: A method of operating a reactor for removing impurities by electrochemical means from liquids, such as aqueous solutions. The liquid is passed through series of plateshaped reaction electrodes electrically insulated against each other with a liquid speed above a minimum to prevent dissociation into constituent gases, but sufficient to ensure interaction with an electrical current passing between the plateshaped electrodes. The latter has corrugated forms and/or their surfaces provided with embossed relief patterns to enhance the electrochemical effect between the electrodes. The conductivity of the treated liquid, the organic contents of the liquid and the flow of the liquid is measured and the length of the flow path for the liquid in the reactor is established in dependence on the measured parameters. Ultrasonic vibrations are generated in the flow path for stimulating a reaction process.

Abstract: Apparatus for the cleaning of contaminated groundwater in an substantially vertical well. The apparatus comprises an airlift aerator comprising a plurality of vertically mounted gas lines, arranged together with separating and supporting means; a compressed gas source connected to the gas lines; and at least one pipe having an inlet for groundwater and gas and outlet for discharging lifted, aerated cleaned water, volatile pollutants and used gas. A base airlift section comprises at least one inlet at its lower circumference for receiving contaminated groundwater. At least one exchangeable airlift section is disposed, in use, between the aerator and base airlift sections for establishing an artificial groundwater level, the aerator section and exchangeable section being separated from each other by a generally watertight, aerating plug assembly and the exchangeable section and base section being separated from each other by a watertight seal.

Abstract: A reactor for removing impurities by electrochemcial means from liquids, such as aqueous solutions, and in which the liquid is passed through series of plateshaped reaction electrodes electrically insulated against each other with a liquid speed above a minimum to prevent dissociation into constituent gases, but sufficient to ensure interaction with an electrical current passing between the plateshaped electrodes. The latter has corrugated forms and/or their surfaces provided with embossed relief patterns to enhance the electrochemical effect between the electrodes. The reactor comprises one more interconnected units (A, B, C, D) with a series of plateshaped electrodes (1, 2) valve means (8) and holes (5, 6) in the plates for redirecting the liquid flow into and through the series of reaction electrodes (1, 2).

Abstract: A reactor for removing impurities from aqueous solutions, wherein the liquid is passed through series of plateshaped reaction electrodes. The reactor comprises one more interconnected units (A, B, C, D) with a series of plateshaped electrodes (1, 2) valves (8) and holes (5, 6) in the plates for redirecting the liquid flow into and through the series of reaction electrodes (1, 2). A control system consists of a number of sensors (9, 10, 11) at the liquid inlet (3) of the reactor for measuring the conductivity of the treated liquid, the organic contents of the liquid and the flow of the liquid, and the transferring the output commands from a processor (7) to valve (8) for redirecting the liquid flow and for activating or deactivating the electrode unit or units (A, B, C, D) in dependence on the measured parameters.