Abstract: A method for aligning scans of environmental sensors. In the method, scans of a first and a second environmental sensor are used. For each environmental sensor, a first scan recorded at a first point in time and a second scan of the same environment recorded at a second point in time following the first point in time are used. The first scan of the first environmental sensor and the first scan of the second environmental sensor are combined to form a first fused scan. The second scan of the first environmental sensor and the second scan of the second environmental sensor are combined to form a second fused scan. An aligning transformation between the first fused scan and the second fused scan is ascertained.

Abstract: Method for providing a machine learning binary classification model (7) for predicting the availability of a localization map, comprising the following steps of: a) performing a reference journey with a real vehicle, wherein a reference trajectory (1) and referenced landmark positions (2) surrounding the reference trajectory (1) are recorded, b) performing a journey along the reference trajectory (1) with a fictitious vehicle, wherein a trajectory (3) and landmark positions (4) surrounding the trajectory (3) are estimated using the localization function, c) providing a training data set having data points such that a data point comprises first information for describing a map section and second information for indicating the localization availability of that map section, wherein the map section corresponds to the environment of the reference trajectory (1), and the second information is determined based on the comparison of the reference trajectory (1) with the estimated trajectory (3) and/or on the compar

Abstract: A method for tracking GNSS signals using a GNSS receiver, a phase-based filter, and a frequency-based filter. The generator is controllable in epochs by the two control loops. A GNSS signal is tracked on the channel. The method includes a) creating a local replica with a channel generator, b) generating a first control variable in the form of a phase exclusively with a phase-based filter of a first control loop, c) generating a second control variable in the form of a Doppler frequency using only a frequency-based filter of a second control loop, d) updating the replica under the control of the generator either directly with the first control variable and the second control variable or with a corrected second control variable that has been corrected taking into account the first control variable, and e) repeating b) through d) to update the replica.

Abstract: A method and device for creating a digital map. The method includes: receiving first training data sets; generating second training data sets by means of a generative neural network by determining a second, perturbed image of the same surrounding area in each case for each first image, wherein each second training data set represents the second image of the corresponding first image; training a further neural network; receiving surrounding area data sets, which in each case represent a surrounding area image of a vehicle surrounding area, wherein these surrounding area data sets comprise a position description of the corresponding vehicle surrounding area; creating the digital map by merging the surrounding area images, depending on the position description, by means of a scan matching method, wherein the scan matching method includes at least the further neural network, and a step of providing the digital map.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for position determination by receiving GNSS signals using a GNSS receiver including a plurality of channels, which can be connected in a data-conducting manner to a common Kalman filter to form a plurality of vector tracking loops such that each received GNSS signal can be processed in an iterative manner using a corresponding vector tracking loop while taking into account the measurements returned by the common Kalman filter.

Abstract: A method for detecting GNSS spoofing by way of GNSS receiver of a localization system is disclosed. The GNSS receiver includes an antenna for receiving GNSS signals. The GNSS signals are emitted by at least one GNSS satellite and are received by the GNSS receiver in such a way that each GNSS signal is shifted by a frequency difference. The method includes a) receiving a GNSS signal by way of the antenna, b) measuring the frequency difference between the frequency of the GNSS signal emitted by a GNSS satellite and the frequency of the GNSS signal received by the antenna, c) determining the rate of change of the frequency difference by using motion change information relating to the GNSS receiver, d) checking if the determined rate of change corresponds to a rate of change characteristic of satellite signal reception, and e) detecting GNSS spoofing if the determined rate of change does not match satellite signal reception.

Abstract: An electro-optical device can include a plurality of semiconductor nanocrystals. In some circumstances, the device can omit an electron transporting layer.

Abstract: An electro-optical device can include a plurality of semiconductor nanocrystals. In some circumstances, the device can omit an electron transporting layer.

Abstract: An optical structure can include a nanocrystal on a surface of an optical waveguide in a manner to couple the nanocrystal to the optical field of light propagating through the optical waveguide to generate an emission from the nanocrystal.

Abstract: An optical structure can include a nanocrystal on a surface of an optical waveguide in a manner to couple the nanocrystal to the optical field of light propagating through the optical waveguide to generate an emission from the nanocrystal.

Abstract: An optical structure can include a nanocrystal on a surface of an optical waveguide in a manner to couple the nanocrystal to the optical field of light propagating through the optical waveguide to generate an emission from the nanocrystal.

Abstract: An electro-optical device can include a plurality of semiconductor nanocrystals. In some circumstances, the device can omit an electron transporting layer.