Abstract: The invention provides systems and methods for analyzing mixtures and, particularly during processing of the mixtures. The invention provides systems and methods for analyzing mixtures and, particularly, for analyzing mixtures during processing. The methods and systems utilize fluorescence to non-invasively analyze one or more components of the mixture. The analysis may provide a variety of compositional information such as the chemical identity of components, the concentration of components, the uniformity of the mixture and other information. A number of different types of processing equipment can be configured to provide the analysis and, accordingly, the analysis may be performed during a number of processing operations. The system and methods are particularly useful in processing mixtures which are preferably homogeneous blends, such as pharmaceutical products.

Abstract: The invention provides systems and methods for analyzing mixtures and, particularly during processing of the mixtures. The invention provides systems and methods for analyzing mixtures and, particularly, for analyzing mixtures during processing. The methods and systems utilize fluorescence to non-invasively analyze one or more components of the mixture. The analysis may provide a variety of compositional information such as the chemical identity of components, the concentration of components, the uniformity of the mixture and other information. A number of different types of processing equipment can be configured to provide the analysis and, accordingly, the analysis may be performed during a number of processing operations. The system and methods are particularly useful in processing mixtures which are preferably homogeneous blends, such as pharmaceutical products.

Abstract: Lubricant efficiency in an internal combustion engine is improved by determining the frictional coefficient of the lubricant and adding appropriate additives to adjust viscosity and surface tension to optimum ranges. This results in improved fuel economy and reduced engine wear.

Abstract: Gas cushions are maintained between a piston and a cylinder of a gas lubricated reciprocating engine which are effective in retarding the approach of the piston to the cylinder wall under the thrust of side forces from the connecting rod. The cushion are maintained by viscous flow forces for sufficient time exceed a half cycle of crankcase rotation.

Abstract: A piston-cylinder seal uses gas for a lubricant and has a runner supported on a gapless structure and placed in the space between the piston and the cylinder wall. The runner is deformed elastically under the influence of the operating pressures to follow and compensate for variations in the piston-cylinder fit and maintain a seal.

Abstract: Raising food fish utilizing apparatus including a fish tank having a biological filter submerged in it, by recirculating water through the biological filter to remove ammonia, the water in the fish tank being intermittently recirculated and returned to the tank to add oxygen and the fish periodically being fed until they reach marketable size.

Abstract: A drainage foil providing improved fines retention and drainage stability when used in cooperation with the forming wire of a machine that forms a mat or web from a wet slurry. The foil has two wire-contacting surfaces a fixed distance apart with a suction-forming section and a drainage section between them. Forces effective on the foil during use are balanced so as to minimize torque around the foil mounting means.

Abstract: Raising food fish utilizing apparatus including a fish tank, a biological trickling filter mounted above it and a particulate filter above the trickling filter, by recirculating water from the fish tank first through the particulate filter to remove particulate matter and adjust pH of the water and refrigerate it and then through the trickling filter to remove ammonia and add oxygen, the water in the fish tank being circulated and the fish periodically being fed over a period of months until they reach marketable size.