Abstract: A location of an anatomical structure in image(s) from a surgical procedure is predicted using machine learning. An image/video capture device such as an endoscope, a wearable camera, a stationary camera, etc., can be used to capture the image(s). A confidence score of the prediction of the machine learning is determined. A surgeon can be provided an augmented visualization of the surgical procedure by displaying one or more graphical overlays based on the findings of the machine learning to enhance the surgeon-s information.

Abstract: An aspect includes a computer-implemented method that accesses input data including spatial data and/or sensor data temporally associated with a video stream of a surgical procedure. One or more machine-learning models predict a state of the surgical procedure based on the input data. The one or more machine-learning models detect one or more surgical instruments at least partially depicted in the video stream based on the input data. A state indicator and one or more surgical instrument indicators temporally correlated with the video stream are output.

Abstract: The present invention's stratified composite system of armor, as typically embodied, comprises a backing stratum and a strike stratum that includes elastomeric matrix material and low-density ceramic elements embedded therein and arranged (e.g., in one or more rows and one or more columns) along a geometric plane (or plural parallel geometric planes) corresponding to the front surface of the strike stratum. Some inventive embodiments also comprise a spall-containment stratum fronting the strike stratum. The density of the low-density ceramic material is in the approximate range 2.0-3.0 g/cm3. In the strike stratum, the volume ratio of the low-density ceramic material to the elastomeric matrix material is in the approximate range 4-20.

Abstract: A lubricant additive produced by various processes, including mixing an organophosphate and an organofluorine compound, reacting an organophosphate and an organofluorine compound, reacting a fluorinated organophosphate and an organofluorine compound (with or without molybendum disulfide), or reacting an organophosphate, a metal halide and an organofluorine compound (with or without molybendum disulfide), to produce a reaction mixture comprising the lubricant additive. Also, a lubricant produced by various processes, including mixing an organophosphate and an organofluorine compound, reacting an organophosphate and an organofluorine compound, reacting a fluorinated organophosphate and an organofluorine compound (with or without molybendum disulfide), or reacting an organophosphate, a metal halide and an organofluorine compound (with or without molybendum disulfide), and adding at least a portion of the reaction mixture to a lubricant base.

Abstract: The present invention's stratified composite system of armor, as typically embodied, comprises a backing stratum and a strike stratum that includes elastomeric matrix material and low-density ceramic elements embedded therein and arranged (e.g., in one or more rows and one or more columns) along a geometric plane (or plural parallel geometric planes) corresponding to the front surface of the strike stratum. Some inventive embodiments also comprise a spall-containment stratum fronting the strike stratum. The density of the low-density ceramic material is in the approximate range 2.0-3.0 g/cm3. In the strike stratum, the volume ratio of the low-density ceramic material to the elastomeric matrix material is in the approximate range 4-20.

Abstract: A lubricant additive produced by various processes, including mixing an organophosphate and an organofluorine compound, reacting an organophosphate and an organofluorine compound, reacting a fluorinated organophosphate and an organofluorine compound (with or without molybendum disulfide), or reacting an organophosphate, a metal halide and an organofluorine compound (with or without molybendum disulfide), to produce a reaction mixture comprising the lubricant additive. Also, a lubricant produced by various processes, including mixing an organophosphate and an organofluorine compound, reacting an organophosphate and an organofluorine compound, reacting a fluorinated organophosphate and an organofluorine compound (with or without molybendum disulfide), or reacting an organophosphate, a metal halide and an organofluorine compound (with or without molybendum disulfide), and adding at least a portion of the reaction mixture to a lubricant base.

Abstract: A lubricant additive produced by various processes, including mixing an organophosphate and an organofluorine compound, reacting an organophosphate and an organofluorine compound, reacting a fluorinated organophosphate and an organofluorine compound (with or without molybendum disulfide), or reacting an organophosphate, a metal halide and an organofluorine compound (with or without molybendum disulfide), to produce a reaction mixture comprising the lubricant additive. Also, a lubricant produced by various processes, including mixing an organophosphate and an organofluorine compound, reacting an organophosphate and an organofluorine compound, reacting a fluorinated organophosphate and an organofluorine compound (with or without molybendum disulfide), or reacting an organophosphate, a metal halide and an organofluorine compound (with or without molybendum disulfide), and adding at least a portion of the reaction mixture to a lubricant base.

Abstract: A lubricant additive produced by various processes, including mixing an organophosphate and an organofluorine compound, reacting an organophosphate and an organofluorine compound, reacting a fluorinated organophosphate and an organofluorine compound (with or without molybendum disulfide), or reacting an organophosphate, a metal halide and an organofluorine compound (with or without molybendum disulfide), to produce a reaction mixture comprising the lubricant additive. Also, a lubricant produced by various processes, including mixing an organophosphate and an organofluorine compound, reacting an organophosphate and an organofluorine compound, reacting a fluorinated organophosphate and an organofluorine compound (with or without molybendum disulfide), or reacting an organophosphate, a metal halide and an organofluorine compound (with or without molybendum disulfide), and adding at least a portion of the reaction mixture to a lubricant base.

Abstract: A process for the production of metal fluorides comprising maintaining a low concentration of the by-products of the reaction between a non-fluorinated metal compound and hydrofluoric acid, so as to produce, by this reaction, sub-micron particle sizes of metal fluoride of high purity.

Abstract: Ester mixture comprising at least one ester of an aliphatic or aromatic di- or tricarboxylic acid having a C10 alcohol component composed of 2-propylheptanol or composed of a C10 alcohol mixture composed of 2-propylheptanol and of at least one of the C10 alcohols 2-propyl-4-methylhexanol, 2-propyl-5-methylhexanol, 2-isopropylheptanol, 2-isopropyl-4-methylhexanol, 2-isopropyl-5-methylhexanol, and/or 2-propyl-4,4-dimethylpentanol, and comprising at least one ester of an aliphatic or aromatic di- or tricarboxylic acid having a C7 alcohol component composed of n-heptanol or composed of an alcohol mixture composed of n-heptanol with at least one of the C7 alcohols 2-methylhexanol and/or 2-ethylpentanol, where the aliphatic or aromatic di- or tricarboxylic acid has been selected from the group consisting of citric acid, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, and trimellitic acid, and polyvinyl chloride composition comprising this ester mixture.

Abstract: Many military land vehicles are not designed to withstand extreme forces concomitant exploding mines. A vehicle's capacity to protect its occupants is inventively enhanced by structurally augmenting the vehicle, in lower structural portions closely related to the vehicle's cabin, with both elastomeric and rigid (non-elastomeric) materials. An elastomeric layer and a rigid layer (typically embodied as a metal or composite sheet or plate) are added to the vehicle in each of seven locations, viz., the four wheel wells (left-front, right-front, left-rear, right-rear), the two floorboards (left and right), and the intervening underside area. At each wheel well and floorboard location, the elastomer is sandwiched between the vehicle's existing rigid structure and the rigid member so as to form a tri-layer material system. At the intervening underside location, an elastomer-coated rigid member is attached with the elastomer face-down.

Abstract: A process for the production of metal fluorides comprising introducing a predetermined weight of anhydrous hydrofluoric acid into a reaction vessel and initiate a mixing action, preheating a predetermined weight of anhydrous metal to a predetermined reaction temperature, introducing aliquots of the anhydrous metal into the reaction vessel at intervals until the entire predetermined weight of the anhydrous metal has been added, removing excess anhydrous hydrofluoric acid from the reaction vessel, and remove a metal fluoride resultant product from the reaction vessel.

Abstract: A signal generator comprises a number of independent signal sources each of which can be controlled to generate predetermined frequencies and modulation. The outputs of these signal sources can be made available separately at output ports or can be combined within the signal generator to provide a combined output signal. The output signals are sensed at the output ports, and are calibrated against a stored correction tabulation to ensure that they have the correct signal level at the output ports. Such a signal generator is useful for the measurement and testing of complex electrical and electronic products.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for accurately and efficiently metering at least one compressible fluid and at least one incompressible fluid for mixing, whereby pressure and therefore density is regulated with regard to each compressible fluid, and volume is regulated with regard to each compressible fluid as well as each incompressible fluid. Compressible fluids in particular are metered more accurately because the mass of each fluid is used as the variable measurement standard, both the density and the volume of each fluid being maintained at controlled and predictable levels.

Abstract: An image recording apparatus 20 comprises a store 2 for storing data representing an image, a cathode ray tube 5 for displaying the image represented by the data in raster scan order and a camera 7 for directing the displayed image onto film 10. A movable mask 21 is positioned in front of the screen of the cathode ray tube 5. The mask defines an aperture 25 which is moved over the screen of the tube 5 as the image is displayed thereon so as to prevent unwanted light caused by the displaying of the image from being directed onto the film 10.

Abstract: An image recording apparatus comprises a store for storing data representing an image, a cathode ray tube for displaying the image represented by the data in raster scan order and a camera for directing the displayed image onto film. A movable mask is positioned in front of the screen of the cathode ray tube. The mask defines an aperture which is moved over the screen of the tube as the image is displayed thereon so as to prevent unwanted light caused by the displaying of the image from being directed onto the film.

Abstract: A protective device for a container containing toxic or hazardous materia includes a shell, a mechanism positioned in the shell for sealing a puncture in the container so as to prevent release of the toxic materials from the container and a mechanism for attaching the shell to the container.

Abstract: A waveform generator suitable for use in the testing of instrument landing systems comprising: a first generator (1) for generating digitally a first waveform comprising the superposition of a second waveform (19) of a first frequency and a third waveform (21) of a second frequency; a second generator (3) for generating digitally a fourth waveform comprising the superposition of a fifth waveform (25 or 27) comprising a phase reversed version of one (19 or 21) of said second (19) and third (21) waveforms of the frequency of said one waveform (19 or 21) and a sixth waveform (23 or 29) in phase with and of the frequency of the other one (19 or 21) of said second (19) and third (21) waveforms; and a circuit (7) for combining said first and fourth waveforms thereby to produce a waveform suitable for said use.

Abstract: A variable frequency signal generator includes a phase locked loop having a variable frequency oscillator which has a control port to which a frequency determining signal is applied, the output of the oscillator being fed via a frequency divider to a phase sensitive detector where it is compared with a reference frequency signal, the result of said comparison being arranged to generate a comparison signal which is fed to a loop filter which is coupled to said control port; and the signal generator having a frequency control signal applied thereto and comprising a first path being arranged to adjust the division ratio of the frequency divider, and a second path including a combiner for combining said frequency control signal and said comparison signal to produce said frequency determining signal; and a calibrator for adjusting the relative characteristics of said first and second paths to compensate for effects arising from tuning sensitivity dependence on frequency of said variable frequency generator.

Abstract: A packet communications network and apparatus for communicating information in voice and data packets transmits and receives voice and data in accordance with standardized frames of a standardized communications format such as a standard DS-1 type trunk. An apparatus is coupled to multiplex standardized channels into a single channel wherein voice or data signals are packetized into independently addressable packets synchronized on, for example, the DS-1 frame. The network includes voice and packet data concentration apparatus operable in a multiple node trunk environment to concentrate signals into independently addressable synchronously switchable packets, thereby to provide an efficient (high density capacity) interface between trunk terminations. Up to four times as much information can be transferred between nodes with the ability to switch between nodes as compared to conventional TDM and PCM communication without compression without the ability to switch between nodes.