Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for heating smokable material to volatilize at least one component of the smokable material. The apparatus includes a heating zone for receiving at least a portion of an article including smokable material; an outlet for permitting volatilized components of the smokable material to pass from the heating zone towards an exterior of the apparatus when the article is heated in the heating zone in use; a heating element that is heatable by penetration with a varying magnetic field to heat the heating zone, wherein a first section of the heating element is located between a second section of the heating element and the outlet, and wherein the second section of the heating element is heatable in use by thermal conduction from the first section of the heating element; and a magnetic field generator for generating a varying magnetic field that penetrates the first section of the heating element and avoids the second section of the heating element.

Abstract: An aerosol generating system comprising (i) an aerosol generating article comprising an aerosol generating material which comprises nicotine and/or aerosol generating agent, and (ii) an aerosol generating device comprising an induction heater, wherein during operation, the article is inserted into the device and an aerosol is generated by using the induction heater to heat the aerosol generating material to at least 150° C., wherein at least (i) 10 ?g of nicotine, and/or (ii) 10 ?g of aerosol generating agent, is aerosolized from the aerosol generating material under an airflow of at least 1.50 L/m during a two-second period.

Abstract: An aerosol generating assembly includes an aerosol generating device (100) having a coil and an aerosol generating article. The aerosol generating article has a substantially cylindrical rod of aerosol generating material of between about 10 mm and about 100 mm looms in length, and the article and device are arranged with respect to each other such that the aerosol generating material is heatable by the device. The aerosol generating material can have at least 1-1 mg of nicotine and/or at least about 17 mg of aerosol generating agent.

Abstract: An aerosol generating system comprising (i) an aerosol generating article comprising a flavorant, and (ii) an aerosol generating device comprising an induction heater, wherein during operation, the article is inserted into the device and an aerosol is generated by using the induction heater to heat the aerosol generating material to at least 150° C., wherein at least 1 ?g of flavorant is aerosolized from the aerosol generating material under an airflow of at least 1.50 L/m during a two-second period.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an aerosol generating system comprising (i) an aerosol generating article comprising an aerosol generating material, the aerosol generating material comprising nicotine and an aerosol generating agent, and (ii) an aerosol generating device comprising an induction heater; wherein during operation, the article is inserted into the device and an aerosol is generated by using the induction heater to heat the aerosol generating material to at least 150° C.; wherein (i) the mean particle or droplet size in the generated aerosol is less than about 1000 nm in an aerosol generated under an airflow of at least 1.50 L/m during a two-second period, and/or (ii) wherein the aerosol density generated during a two-second period under an airflow of at least 1.50 L/m during the period, is at least 0.1 ?g/cc.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for heating smokable material to volatilize at least one component of the smokable material. The apparatus includes a heating zone for receiving at least a portion of an article including smokable material; an outlet for permitting volatilized components of the smokable material to pass from the heating zone towards an exterior of the apparatus when the article is heated in the heating zone in use; a heating element that is heatable by penetration with a varying magnetic field to heat the heating zone, wherein a first section of the heating element is located between a second section of the heating element and the outlet, and wherein the second section of the heating element is heatable in use by thermal conduction from the first section of the heating element; and a magnetic field generator for generating a varying magnetic field that penetrates the first section of the heating element and avoids the second section of the heating element.

Abstract: Smoking article and method of manufacturing a smoking article A smoking article (10), comprises a first part, and a second part movable relative to the first part. An indexing mechanism comprises a first indexing surface (18) on one of the first part or second part; and a second indexing surface (19) on the other of the first and second parts. The second indexing surface (19) is configured to engage with the first indexing surface (18) to control relative movement between the first part and second part.

Abstract: A smoking article comprises a first part and a second part movable relative to the first part. A control mechanism comprises a first control surface on one of the first part or second part; and a second control surface on the other of the first and second parts. The second control surface is configured to engage with the first control surface to control relative rotation between the first part and second part.

Abstract: A cribbing work head including a work head frame having a longitudinal extent and a lateral extent. At least two inverted U-shaped work arms are mounted parallel to one another on the work head frame and spaced longitudinally from each other for lateral reciprocating movement on the frame, each of the work arms having a replaceable tool secured to each free end of the inverted U-shaped work arm. A separate fluid power double cylinder is secured to the work head frame and to each of the inverted U-shape work arms for independently laterally reciprocating the work arms. A main cylinder of each of said fluid power double cylinders is operable to laterally reciprocatingly move a respective work arm and a secondary cylinder of each of the fluid power double cylinders operable to move a respective work arm to one of two discrete lateral starting points.

Abstract: Smoking article and method of manufacturing a smoking article A smoking article (10), comprises a first part, and a second part movable relative to the first part. An indexing mechanism comprises a first indexing surface (18) on one of the first part or second part; and a second indexing surface (19) on the other of the first and second parts. The second indexing surface (19) is configured to engage with the first indexing surface (18) to control relative movement between the first part and second part.

Abstract: A cribbing work head including a work head frame having a longitudinal extent and a lateral extent. At least two inverted U-shaped work arms are mounted parallel to one another on the work head frame and spaced longitudinally from each other for lateral reciprocating movement on the frame, each of the work arms having a replaceable tool secured to each free end of the inverted U-shaped work arm. A separate fluid power double cylinder is secured to the work head frame and to each of the inverted U-shape work arms for independently laterally reciprocating the work arms. A main cylinder of each of said fluid power double cylinders is operable to laterally reciprocatingly move a respective work arm and a secondary cylinder of each of the fluid power double cylinders operable to move a respective work arm to one of two discrete lateral starting points.

Abstract: A smoking article comprises a first part and a second part movable relative to the first part. A control mechanism comprises a first control surface on one of the first part or second part; and a second control surface on the other of the first and second parts. The second control surface is configured to engage with the first control surface to control relative rotation between the first part and second part.

Abstract: A process for commercial extraction of saponins from quinoa, and optionally for the formation of corresponding sapogenins. The saponin extraction process comprises contacting a saponin-containing part of a quinoa plant with an aqueous alcohol solution containing an alcohol selected from the group consisting of methanol and ethanol to form a saponin-containing solution and an extracted solid residue, removing the alcohol from the saponin-containing solution to leave a saponin-containing aqueous solution, and evaporating water from the saponin-containing aqueous solution to produce a saponin-containing product.

Abstract: A process for commercial extraction of saponins from quinoa, and optionally for the formation of corresponding sapogenins. The saponin extraction process comprises contacting a saponin-containing part of a quinoa plant with an aqueous alcohol solution containing an alcohol selected from the group consisting of methanol and ethanol to form a saponin-containing solution and an extracted solid residue, removing the alcohol from the saponin-containing solution to leave a saponin-containing aqueous solution, and evaporating water from the saponin-containing aqueous solution to produce a saponin-containing product.

Abstract: A substanially pure chemically bound complex is derived from flax containing secoisolariciresinol diglucoside, cinnamic acid glycosides and hydroxy methyl glutaric acid. The complex is obtained by preparing an aqueous aliphatic alcoholic extract from flax and subjecting this aqueous extract to ultrafiltration whereby low molecular weight species remain with a filtrate and higher molecular weight species comprising the separated complex are retained.

Abstract: Methods of treating dehulled or hull-less oat, i.e. oat groats, to produce oat pearlings, oat flour and oat bran products are described. Oat groats are abrasion milled to remove up to 15% by weight and produce pearled oat groats and pearlings. The pearlings are extracted sequentially with aqueous ethanol and hexane to produce an anti-irritant and a light oat oil, or with hexane to produce a dark oat oil and lipase. The pearled oat groats are steeped in an aqueous medium for up to 4 hours and then macerated to produce an enriched oat bran, from which an enriched beta glucan may be extracted; a refined oat flour, from which oat starch and oat protein may be extracted; and a pearled oat groat extract from which further products, such as an oat anti-irritant can be recovered.

Abstract: An aqueous steeping process for producing a relatively pure bran and flour products from cereal grains such as oats, wheat and rye without conventional dry milling techniques. The aqueous steeped grains are macerated with an ethyl alcohol solution and the bran and flour products recovered therefrom. The aqueous alcoholic waste solutions are further processed by ion-exchange techniques to recover small quantities of high value by-products.

Abstract: A piezoelectric laminate comprises a piezoelectric layer and an insulating substrate layer rigidly bonded thereto. During poling, conditions are established under which a poling potential is established at the boundary of the layers which insures that a substantial part of the poling voltage is dropped across the piezoelectric layer. The poling voltage is maintained for a period greater than the time constant under the poling conditions of the material to which the poling voltage is applied. In one embodiment, the poling conditions are achieved by substantially enhancing the conductivity of the substrate layer relative to that of the piezoelectric layer. In a second embodiment, an intermediate bond layer is selectively switched from a non-conductive to a conductive state in response to a selected stimulus so as to form an electrode for facilitating the application of a poling field directly across the piezoelectric layer.

Abstract: Half products expandable or puffable by microwave or convection heat energy are prepared by (a) preparing a starch-containing material having a moisture content of not more than about 25%, (b) extruding the moisture-tempered material at a temperature of about 80.degree. to 110.degree. C. without causing expansion thereby producing a hot melt in a rope or piece form, and (c) cooling the extrudate without substantially lowering the moisture content for a time necessary to harden up. The half-products contain not more than about 25% of moisture in a glass-like rope or piece form and are shelf stable without preservatives. Substantial savings can be achieved in manufacture, storage, shipping, and handling because of the low processing temperature and the storage stability of the dense and hard products.