Abstract: A process is provided comprising contacting under deodorizing conditions, at least one deodorizing composition with at least one poly(mono-1-olefin), wherein said deodorizing conditions comprise, a standard pressure from about 1 to about 5, and a standard temperature from about 0.5 to about 2.5.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for determining the propensity of a polymer to emit smoke by measuring the smoke emitted when the polymer is melted and extruded. The polymer is heated to a molten state and extruded under controlled time conditions into a receptacle from which gaseous samples can be collected, then the gaseous samples from the receptacle are analyzed for smoke content to determine the propensity of the polymer to emit smoke.

Abstract: A process for forming plastic tubing which involves extruding a molten plastic composition through a die which produces an extended length of plastic tubing, passing the hot tubing through a vacuum sizing tube wherein the wall of the tubing is sized by being drawn to the wall of the sizing tube by a vacuum, and cooling the sized tubing so that the tubing will be self-supporting at normal ambient temperatures, wherein the plastic composition contains a phosphorus-containing additive in an amount sufficient to cause an improvement in the smoothness of the interior of said tubing.

Abstract: A process for catalytic cracking using a catalyst obtained by preparing pillared interlayered clay materials comprises the steps of contacting a smectite containing material, preferably bentonite, with a solution comprising at least one of ammonium and alkali metal carboxylates and alkali metal carbonates and bicarbonates, plus preferably also alkali metal dithionite; separating the thus-contacted material from the solution; treating the separated material with a solution comprising a polymeric cationic hydroxy metal complex, preferably of aluminum (more preferably, polymeric hydroxy aluminum chloride); separating and finally heating the thus-treated smectite material. The pillared interlayered clay material of this invention can be intimately admixed with zeolite. The pillared interlayered clay material of this invention, with or without zeolite, can be used as catalyst for cracking hydrocarbon-containing oils.

Abstract: A process for preparing pillared interlayered clay materials comprises the steps of contacting a smectite containing material, preferably bentonite, with a solution comprising at least one of ammonium and alkali metal carboxylates and alkali metal carbonates and bicarbonates, plus preferably also alkali metal dithionite; separating the thus-contacted material from the solution; treating the separated material with a solution comprising a polymeric cationic hydroxy metal complex, preferably of aluminum (more preferable, polymeric hydroxy aluminum chloride); separating and finally heating the thus-treated smectite material. The pillared interlayered clay material of this invention can be intimately admixed with zeolite. The pillared interlayered clay material of this invention, with or without zeolite, can be used as catalyst for cracking hydrocarbon-containing oils.

Abstract: Pillared interlayered clay products of increased stability and processes for preparing such clay products are provided. The pillared interlayered clays are prepared by reacting a smectite clay, such as montmorillonite, with an aqueous solution of a polymeric cationic hydroxy metal complex, such as aluminum chlorhydroxide and reacting the resulting product with a stability increasing compound selected from the group consisting of silicon, titanium, phosphorus and antimony halides and ethyl silicates.

Abstract: Pillared, interlayered clay products suitable as gas separation agents or as substrates for catalyst compositions are prepared by methods that provide an increase in surface area and pore volume as compared to similar products made by prior art methods.

Abstract: An improved process for removing metals from heavy oils and other hydrocarbon feed streams is disclosed. The process includes adding phosphorous acid to the hydrocarbon feed stream under suitable demetallizing conditions. It is believed that phosphorous acid reacts with the metals contained in the hydrocarbon containing feed stream to form oil-insoluble compounds that can be removed from the hydrocarbon containing feed stream by any conventional method, such as filtration, centrifugation, or settling/decantation.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel diphosphonic acids and diphosphonic acid esters of para-menthane which may be prepared by reacting .alpha.-pinene or .beta.-pinene with a dialkyl hydrogen phosphite under effective free-radical conditions.These products are potentially useful as flame retardants and are useful as treating agents for improving the pigmentary properties of pigmentary titanium dioxide in thermoplastic formulations.