Abstract: Surface imaging apparatuses, surface analysis apparatuses, methods based on detection of secondary electrons or secondary ions that include a spatially scanned and DC or pulsed primary excitation source resulting in secondary electrons or secondary ions which are detected and provide the modulated signal for imaging of the sample; and dual polarity flood beams to effect neutralization of surface charge and surface potential variation.

Abstract: An inflatable mattress comprises a flexible bottom layer, a top layer sealed to the bottom layer through a wall, wherein the bottom and top layers and the wall define an outer frame of the inflatable mattress, and a middle layer disposed between the top and bottom layers. The bottom surface of the middle layer is sealed to the bottom layer through a plurality of laterally disposed I-beam structures to form a lower chamber. The top surface is attached to the top layer through a plurality of X-beam structures to form an upper chamber. A peripheral edge of the middle layer may be sealed with the wall to prevent the upper and lower chambers from being in fluid communication with each other. Alternatively, the peripheral edge may be detached from the wall so that the upper and lower chambers are in fluid communication with each other.

Abstract: An inflatable mattress comprises a flexible bottom layer, a top layer sealed to the bottom layer through a wall, wherein the bottom and top layers and the wall define an outer frame of the inflatable mattress, and a middle layer disposed between the top and bottom layers. The bottom surface of the middle layer is sealed to the bottom layer through a plurality of laterally disposed I-beam structures to form a lower chamber. The top surface is attached to the top layer through a plurality of X-beam structures to form an upper chamber. A peripheral edge of the middle layer may be sealed with the wall to prevent the upper and lower chambers from being in fluid communication with each other. Alternatively, the peripheral edge may be detached from the wall so that the upper and lower chambers are in fluid communication with each other.

Abstract: An inflatable air mattress which includes a top sheet and bottom sheet of flexible air impermeable material. When inflated, the mattress is provided with a series of tube beams running the length of the air mattress. These beams are sealed to the top and bottom sheets of the air mattress by a sinusoidal sealing pattern.

Abstract: An inflatable mattress comprising a pair of exterior tubes longitudinally disposed in parallel on opposite sides of the mattress in combination with a plurality of parallel connected interior tubes smaller in diameter then the exterior tubes and in sufficient number and dimension to partially enwrap a human user reclining on the inflated mattress.

Abstract: An inflatable air mattress having a generally rectangular mat portion that is foldable or bendable in multiple directions in a fully inflated condition. The mat portion includes rows of generally sinusoidal seals extending transversely across the mat portion. Alternating rows of the sinusoidal seals are uniformly shifted out of phase by a range of about 1/8 to 3/8 of the repeating period, or a phase shift of from about .pi./4 radians to about 3.pi./4 radians, and most preferably by a phase shift of about .pi./2 radians. Alternating rows of inflation chambers are formed by the sinusoidal seals with enlarged body portions and neck portions of reduced thickness, which form natural fold lines in the mat portion when the mat portion is inflated. The mat portion is bendable longitudinally, transversely and obliquely to be rollable and foldable, and to permit the mat portion to cradle the torso and extremities of a person reclining on the inflatable mattress in water.

Abstract: A toy vehicle is provided including a counterbalance weight and a support member which can cause the vehicle to spin while performing a wheelstand. The counterbalance weight can be positioned to provide a downwardly directed force which, together with the torque on the rear wheels, causes the front wheels to raise off the ground as the vehicle moves forward. The support member includes a pair of skids which can be positioned to engage the ground while the vehicle is performing a wheelstand to cause it to spin substantially in circles. Alternatively, the counterbalance weight can be positioned so that an insufficient counterbalance force exists to raise the front wheels off the ground as the vehicle moves forward.

Abstract: An electrical circuit module easily assembled by hand and especially adapted for use in a circuit package for a model includes an insulator substrate with an upper surface and a plurality of apertures extending through the substrate from the upper surface. A plurality of circuit components on the upper surface of the insulator substrate have leads extending into the apertures. A conductive eyelet extends into each aperture and is dimensioned to form a friction fit with the leads of the components and any additional connecting wires in each aperture. The circuit module may then be mounted in a base including a control panel for an electrical circuit including the module on the base. Light, sound and similar effects are generated by the circuit for a model mounted on the base.

Abstract: A display device such as a model of a blimp has an aperture formed on one side thereof for display of information carried on a screen within the blimp. Means are provided to rotate the screen and to illuminate the screen interior so as to sequentially display the information through the aperture.