Abstract: Systems and methods are described that relate to quantum dot (QD) structures for lighting applications. In particular, quantum dots and quantum dot containing inks (comprising mixtures of different wavelength quantum dots) are synthesized for desired optical properties and integrated with an LED source to create a trichromatic white light source. The LED source may be integrated with the quantum dots in a variety of ways, including through the use of a small capillary filled with quantum dot containing ink or a quantum dot containing film placed appropriately within the optical system. These systems may result in improved displays characterized by higher color gamuts, lower power consumption, and reduced cost.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described that relate to quantum dot (QD) structures for lighting applications. In particular, quantum dots and quantum dot containing inks (comprising mixtures of different wavelength quantum dots) are synthesized for desired optical properties and integrated with an LED source to create a trichromatic white light source. The LED source may be integrated with the quantum dots in a variety of ways, including through the use of a small capillary filled with quantum dot containing ink or a quantum dot containing film placed appropriately within the optical system. These systems may result in improved displays characterized by higher color gamuts, lower power consumption, and reduced cost.

Abstract: A GNSS receiver and method using alternating “A” and “B” time segments for a reception time length of two or more data bits. The GNSS signal in an “A” time period comprising the “A” time segments is integrated for determining “A” magnitudes corresponding to code phase increments and the GNSS signal in a “B” time period comprising the “B” time segments is integrated for determining “B” magnitudes corresponding to code phase increments. A trial-and-error data bit search is performed for depolarizing data bit senses. The code phase increment showing the largest correlation level is used for acquisition of the GNSS signal and/or determination of the location where the GNSS is being received.

Abstract: A GNSS receiver and method using alternating “A” and “B” time segments for a reception time length of two or more data bits. The GNSS signal in an “A” time period comprising the “A” time segments is integrated for determining “A” magnitudes corresponding to code phase increments and the GNSS signal in a “B” time period comprising the “B” time segments is integrated for determining “B” magnitudes corresponding to code phase increments. A trial-and-error data bit search is performed for depolarizing data bit senses. The code phase increment showing the largest correlation level is used for acquisition of the GNSS signal and/or determination of the location where the GNSS is being received.

Abstract: Methods and apparati for representing and storing a sequence of digital data values so that, once stored in memory, a data value cannot be modified, or cannot be modified without detection. Detection of subsequent data alteration may use error checksums, storage of instrument data in different data fields, data constraint relations, data encryption techniques and/or comparison of instrument identification numbers. Where data are to be stored in non-alterable form, the number of elements used in representing the sequence is reduced or minimized. A data value sequence can be supplemented by one or more additional data values that are received and similarly stored, without changing any of the sequence of data values already stored. The instrument data values can be individual readout values or can be accumulated sums of data values. Some of the methods are exact, allowing reconstruction of any data value with zero error. Other methods are approximate but are less complex to apply.

Abstract: A peripheral component interconnect (PCI) global positioning system (GPS) card for receiving a GPS signal. In a first embodiment the PCI card includes a GPS downconverter. In a second embodiment the PCI card including the GPS downconverter is integrated into a personal computer for correlating a GPS signal and computing a GPS location. In a third embodiment the PCI card includes a GPS downconverter and a GPS correlator. In a fourth embodiment the PCI card including the GPS downconverter and the GPS correlator is integrated into a personal computer for computing a GPS location.

Abstract: An antenna aiming method and apparatus for automatically pointing an antenna to a selected distant location. The antenna aiming apparatus includes a database for storing data for distant locations, an electronic compass for determining a reference azimuth for the local antenna, and a global positioning system (GPS) receiver for determining a local location. A processor computes a pointing direction having an azimuth and an elevation from the local location to the distant location and then computes a horizontal rotation angle between the pointing direction and the reference azimuth and a vertical rotation angle from horizontal to the elevation. An antenna rotator servo-mechanism under processor control rotates the local antenna by the horizontal and vertical rotation angles for pointing the local antenna to the distant location.

Abstract: A method for photographic processing of an exposed photosensitive film wherein a plurality of photographic processing elements comprising a carrier layer and a photographic processing layer containing photographic processing material are brought into contact, consecutively, with the exposed photosensitive film whereby a visible image is formed in the film. Each photographic processing element is initially brought into contact with the photosensitive film with the application of pressure and the processing element and the film are allowed to remain in contact with each other for a required period of time, during which at least one, and preferably a plurality of, additional pressure applications are carried out.

Abstract: Apparatus for determining the present location of an observer on the Earth's surface, the apparatus including an antenna to receive Global Positioning System (GPS) signals from two or more GPS satellites and a credit card size GPS signal processing Smartcard attached to the antenna that receives the GPS signals and determines and displays the present position of the antenna. In one embodiment, the signal processing card includes a frequency downconverter to downconvert the frequency of the GPS signals received, a digital signal processor and associated memory device that is programmed to determine the present antenna location from the GPS signals received, and an information transfer device linked to a nearby host computer or other electronic device for further data processing and display. In other embodiments, the antenna, or the antenna and the downconverter, are contained on a separate card.

Abstract: A GPS receiver and a method for improving time to first fix (TTFF). The GPS receiver includes an internal clock for maintaining an approximate clock time during a standby mode and a microprocessor system including a data bit timer code, a temperature compensation code, and a learned time adjustment code. When the GPS receiver enters an operational mode, the data bit timer code instructs the microprocessor system for determining a GPS-based clock time by aligning the approximate clock time according to a time-of-arrival of a GPS data bit when the approximate clock time and the GPS-based clock time are estimated to be within a correction range of ten milliseconds. The temperature compensation code and a learned time adjustment code include instructions for using a stored frequency/temperature characteristic and a learned time correction, respectively, for estimating and compensating for time drift that has occurred during the standby mode.

Abstract: A peripheral component interconnect (PCI) global positioning system (GPS) card for receiving a GPS signal. In a first embodiment the PCI card includes a GPS downconverter. In a second embodiment the PCI card including the GPS downconverter is integrated into a personal computer for correlating a GPS signal and computing a GPS location. In a third embodiment the PCI card includes a GPS downconverter and a GPS correlator. In a fourth embodiment the PCI card including the GPS downconverter and the GPS correlator is integrated into a personal computer for computing a GPS location.

Abstract: A GPS receiver system to determine and display a geographical differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) location where the components of the system are interconnected with an airwave infrared (IR) link. The system includes a GPS Smart Antenna receiver module to determine the geographical location of the module, a DGPS radio receiver to receive an airwave radio frequency DGPS signal having DGPS correction information, and a personal computing display to run an application program and to display the geographical DGPS location and application information that is useful to a user. The GPS Smart Antenna receiver module and the DGPS radio receiver are switched on and off from the personal computing display through the airwave IR link.

Abstract: Integrated antenna apparatus for determination of the location of an observer and/or of the time of observation by use of a GPS or a GLONASS or other Satellite Positioning System that uses differential corrections of the pseudorange, the location and/or the observation time. The apparatus includes an antenna module and a display module, connected by a communication link. In one embodiment, the antenna module includes: a GPS antenna to receive the GPS signals; a signal frequency downconverter; a Differential GPS (DGPS) radiowave signal antenna and receiver to receive GPS correction information; a GPS/DGPS signal processor to receive the GPS antenna and DGPS antenna output signals and to determine at least one of (i) the present GPS antenna location, as corrected by the DGPS signals, and (ii) the observation time of such location; and a communication link to communicate GPS processor output signals to the display unit.

Abstract: Cordless antenna apparatus for determination of the location of an observer and/or of the time of observation by use of a Satellite Positioning System (SPS), such as the Global Positioning System or the Global Orbiting Navigational Satellite System. In each embodiment, the apparatus includes a Smart Antenna device and a display unit, connected by a wireless link. In a first embodiment, the Smart Antenna device includes: an SPS antenna to receive the SPS signals; an SPS signal frequency downconverter; an SPS signal processor to receive antenna output signals and to determine at least one of the present location of the SPS antenna or the time of observation; a transmitter to receive processor output signals and transmit these signals to the display unit; and a power supply.

Abstract: An antenna comprises a base plate forming a ground plane, a coaxial feed serving as a mast connected to the base plate and extending along an axis that is normal to the ground plane, and two orthogonal dipoles each formed of two elements. Each dipole element has a first end connected to and supported by the mast at a first location spaced apart from the ground plane by a predetermined distance and a second end closer to the ground plane and exhibits a curvature in a plane containing the mast.

Abstract: A novel vector signal generator is provided which includes a vector modulator controlled by baseband manipulation circuitry. The output signal from the vector modulator is down converted to a desired output frequency. The baseband manipulation circuitry provides, under digital control from, for example, a microprocessor, adjustments to the phase, carrier leakage, and modulation levels of the I and Q signals. In this manner, a highly accurate vector modulated signal is generated within a wide range of carrier frequencies.

Abstract: Calibration of a vector modulator is done using a scalar detector to measure the amplitude of the RF output signal, phase shifters to adjust the relative phases of the I and Q components of the RF carrier, and variable attenuators in the I and Q modulation signal input lines to adjust the relative amplitude of the modulation signals. DC signal sources provide reference signals for the I and Q modulation inputs, carrier leak compensation signals, and calibration signals for balancing the amplitude of the I and Q modulation signals. An iterative four step calibration process is followed until no change in the results is observed. The quadrature phase error is minimized by adjusting the phase shifters. The carrier leakage is minimized by adjusting the carrier leak compensation sources to minimize RF output with the modulation inputs grounded. The amplitudes of the I and Q modulation signals are balanced by adjusting the attenuators until the output amplitudes are equal.