Abstract: A camera may capture reflected light from the surface of the wafer during a semiconductor process that adds or removes material from the wafer, such as an etch process. To accurately determine an endpoint for the process, a camera sampling rate and light source intensity may be optimized in the process recipe. Optimizing the light source intensity may include characterizing light intensities that will be reflected from the waiver using an image of the wafer. Pixel intensities may be used to adjust the light source intensity to compensate for more complex wafer patterns. Optimizing the camera sampling rates may include nondestructively rotating a view of the wafer and converting the sampled intensities to the frequency domain. The camera sampling rate may be increased or decreased to remove spatial noise from the image without oversampling unnecessarily. These optimized parameters may then generate a clean, repeatable trace for endpoint determination.

Abstract: Embodiments of golf club heads having adjustable weighting systems with a plurality of discrete attachment locations capable of receiving one or more weights are described herein. The golf club heads described herein provide user adjustability of club head center of gravity to adjust ball flight while maintaining a high moment of inertia and low and back center of gravity position.

Abstract: Gas distribution apparatus for use in substrate processing chambers are disclosed. In some embodiments, gas distribution apparatus may include a faceplate to distribute a gas to a substrate. The faceplate includes a first side that faces the substrate. A central region of the first side has a first surface finish and a peripheral region of the first side has a second surface finish different than the first. A plurality of gas distribution holes are disposed through the faceplate to allow the gas to pass through the faceplate to a volume disposed on the first side of the faceplate. A rabbet may be disposed along an outer periphery of the faceplate on the first side with a ring disposed in the rabbet and removably coupled to the faceplate to form the peripheral region. The ring has a second side having the second surface finish that faces the substrate during use.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for remotely downloading data from a selected one of a plurality of avionics line replaceable units (LRUs) on an aircraft. In one configuration, a method includes transmitting a message wirelessly to a receiver on the aircraft identifying an LRU having data to be downloaded; selectively switching a communication path from the identified LRU to an aircraft data services link (ADSL) dependent upon the identified LRU; and wirelessly downloading data from the identified LRU utilizing the selectively switched communication path.

Abstract: A method for wirelessly communicating data between a plurality of avionics units on an aircraft and a data communication apparatus. The method includes wirelessly communicating download data for one avionics unit from the data communication apparatus to an aircraft data services link in the aircraft; automatically switching a communication path from the aircraft data services link to the avionics unit responsive to the download data; and electronically communicating the download data from the data communication apparatus to the avionics unit via the automatically switched communication path.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for remotely downloading data from a selected one of a plurality of avionics line replaceable units (LRUs) on an aircraft. In one configuration, a method includes transmitting a message wirelessly to a receiver on the aircraft identifying an LRU having data to be downloaded; selectively switching a communication path from the identified LRU to an aircraft data services link (ADSL) dependent upon the identified LRU; and wirelessly downloading data from the identified LRU utilizing the selectively switched communication path.

Abstract: In some configurations, the present invention is an apparatus for monitoring events on board a transportation vehicle. The apparatus includes a communication system configured to stream data from the transportation vehicle to an external location at least one monitoring device configured to collect video data, audio data, or both, from events occurring on the transportation vehicle; a latching mechanism in a location inaccessible during travel and configured to activate the communication system to stream data from the monitoring device or devices to the external location; and a switch configured to activate the latching mechanism when the switch is activated.

Abstract: In some configurations, the present invention is an apparatus for monitoring events on board a transportation vehicle. The apparatus includes a communication system configured to stream data from the transportation vehicle to an external location at least one monitoring device configured to collect video data, audio data, or both, from events occurring on the transportation vehicle; a latching mechanism in a location inaccessible during travel and configured to activate the communication system to stream data from the monitoring device or devices to the external location; and a switch configured to activate the latching mechanism when the switch is activated.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for remotely downloading data to a selected one of a plurality of avionics line replaceable units (LRUs) on an aircraft. In one configuration, a method includes transmitting a message wirelessly to a receiver on the aircraft identifying an LRU having data to be downloaded; selectively switching a communication path from the identified LRU to an aircraft data services link (ADSL) dependent upon the identified LRU; and wirelessly downloading data to the identified LRU utilizing the selectively switched communication path.

Abstract: A method for wirelessly communicating data between a plurality of avionics units on an aircraft and a data communication apparatus. The method includes wirelessly communicating download data for one avionics unit from the data communication apparatus from an aircraft data services link in the aircraft; electronically switching a communication path from the aircraft data services link to the avionics unit responsive to the download data; and electronically communicating the download data from the data communication apparatus to the avionics unit via the electronically switched communication path.

Abstract: An automatic track follower (ATF) system for accurately positioning the read/write head on the tracks of a magnetic tape comprises a pilot signal generator for generating pilot signals from tape pilot marks; a sample-and-hold circuit for sampling the pilot signals from the tracks immediately adjacent a track being read; a comparator for comparing the magnitudes of the pilot signals from adjacent tracks on both sides of the track being read; a correction circuit for centering the read/write head on the track being read; and a processor for digitally controlling the generator, sample-and-hold circuit, comparator, and correction circuit and their functions, the digital control being under programmable control. Three code bit fields are discriminated from the digital data to detect the beginning of the ATF field on the tape to derive the ATF logic, timing, and control functions.

Abstract: In a digital data storage audio tape system having a host device interface unit, a main data buffer manager, a main data buffer, a processor, a data separator, a tape drive unit, and a read/write channel, this invention comprises a formatter providing track construction, encoding and decoding, error correction, and direct memory access of digital data transmitted between the host device unit and the tape drive unit and a frame buffer for buffering digital data for encoding and decoding, and error correction. The formatter is coupled between the main data buffer manager, via a direct memory access channel, and the read/write channel of the tape drive, and further is coupled to the frame buffer. The formatter is coupled to and responsive to instruction control by the processor in conjunction with instruction control of the tape drive unit by the processor.

Abstract: This invention is a beginning-of-tape/end-of-tape detection apparatus and method for use in a tape drive system having supply reel, take-up reel, and capstan motion sensors. The invention comprises monitoring means for monitoring each of the angular position signals and processor means for computing beginning-of-tape and end-of-tape utilizing the varying diameters of the supply reel and its tape pack and the take-up reel and its tape pack, and angular velocities of the reels and capstan. This invention provides a plurality of systems and methods for BOT/EOT detection with selectable tolerance levels. These include coarser detection without capstan engagement of tape (for use in high-speed spacing operations), finer detection utilizing capstan engagement, and absolute BOT/EOT detection utilizing the physical ends of the tape. This invention has the advantage of accurately determining beginning and end of tape without requiring special detectors.

Abstract: This invention is an improved digital data storage magnetic tape transport servo-control system comprising a tape supply reel and supply reel motor, a tension transducer, a head drum having at least one read/write head secured thereto and coupled to a head drum motor, a capstan and a capstan motor, a pinch roller, a take-up reel and a take-up reel motor. A processor provides programmable digital control signals to and responsive to signals from the supply reel, the supply reel motor, the tension transducer, the head drum, the head drum motor, the capstan, the capstan motor, the take-up reel, and the take-up reel motor. The processor controls tape tension in cooperation with the supply reel motor and the tension transducer, controls tape speed in cooperation with the capstan and the capstan motor, controls take-up reel torque in cooperation with the take-up reel and the take-up reel motor, and controls head drum speed in cooperation with the head drum and the head drum motor.

Abstract: This invention is a method and apparatus for the automatic calibration of the magnetic head offset angles in a helical scan rotating head drum and the generation of idealized track timing for recording and reading magnetic tape. A calibration tape is used to provide calibration marks and in conjunction with pulse generator (PG) encoder and frequency generator (FG) encoder signals, a processor calculates the offset angles. The offset is calculated from the time an FG signal edge occurs until the time of detection of a calibration feature. For a read head calibration, this provides a rough calibration of the angular location of the read head on the head drum. Using this rough calibration, data is read from the calibration tape, including the measured longitudinal position of the calibration feature. An accurate calibration of the angular location of the read head is then calculated.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for the commutation of a brushless dc motor having a rotor and a plurality of coils, and an encoder generating quadrature signals responsive to the rotation of the rotor. The commutation apparatus comprises a commutation control device, coupled to the encoder, for controlling the sequence of motor coil energization utilizing the quadrature signals. The commutation method utilizes the quadrature signals for composite signal generation, rotor rotational direction and position to achieve precise commutation. Precision commutation is achieved without the need for any additional commutation sensing devices.

Abstract: A process for separating zirconium values from hafnium values wherein an aqueous solution of ZrCl.sub.4 and HfCl.sub.4 is contacted with NH.sub.4 SCN, feeding the resultant solution into a solvent extraction system containing aqueous HCl and MIBK, separating off the solvent phase containing MIBK, HSCN, hafnium thiocyanate complex, and any decomposition products of HSCN to leave the aqueous phase raffinate containing NH.sub.4 Cl, zirconium oxide-chloride and low concentrations of HSCN, scrubbing the hafnium values from the separated solvent phase, treating the scrubbed solvent phase containing MIBK and HSCN with NH.sub.4 OH to convert the HSCN to NH.sub.4 SCN, separating the NH.sub.4 SCN from the treated solvent phase, treating the separated solvent phase to remove essentially all thiazolines, and scrubbing residual HSCN from the raffinate with the desulfurized solvent phase.

Abstract: A process for the recovery of substantially pure zirconium values from zircon sand which also contains Ra, U, Hf, Pb and other metal values, comprising contacting zircon sand in a chlorinator with a chlorination medium to form an off-gas stream containing chlorides of Zr, Hf, Si, and tract U. The off-gas stream is passed to a condenser to remove volatile Si chlorides and thereby provide a product stream containing condensed chlorides of Zr, Hf and tract U, treating the product stream in acidic aqueous medium in a separation stage to separate the principal Hf values from the principal Zr values. Adjusting the pH of the resulting effluent to between about 3 to about 7 in a second stage to precipitate the trace U values. The residue stream is treated by(A) leaching with an acidic aqueous system to solubilize the trace Ra, Pb and other metal values while settling out the unreacted zircon sand and chlorination medium, and contacting the resultant leach liquor first with Ba++ ions and then with SO.sub.

Abstract: A locking assembly is provided for vehicle wheels, such as those found on an automobile. A control cable is hand manipulated from the interior of the vehicle to permit a bias element on a locking stud to extend through one of a series of circumferentially defined locking holes through a holding plate adjacent the wheel to selectively lock the wheel in place.

Abstract: An underwater gamma radiation survey probe adapted to be towed by a tow cable along the bottom of a body of water. The probe comprises a tubular shell with a nose cone having a waterproof connector for the tow cable. The nose cone closes one end of the tubular shell in a waterproof manner and an end plug closes the other end of the tubular shell in a waterproof manner. At least one weight of high density material is located in a lower half of the shell with that weight containing a cavity having an opening which faces the tubular shell. The weight maintains the orientation of the probe such that the opening faces downwards and a radiation detector in the cavity can detect radiation from the bottom surface.