Abstract: Disclosed herein are various improvements in optical switching engines. In one aspect, a range of switching engines includes various multiple bounce, multiple image devices, such as, for example, the Herriott Cell and the Robert Cell. In another aspect, liquid crystal spatial light modulators (SLMs) are used in the switching engine of an optical cross-connect. In another aspect, polarization gratings (PGs) are used in the switching engine. In another aspect, a switching engine includes a Fourier cell using SLMs with more than two states. Alternative imaging optics in a Fourier cell implementing a multiple-bounce, multiple image device are also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are various improvements in optical switching engines. In one aspect, a range of switching engines includes various multiple bounce, multiple image devices, such as, for example, the Herriott Cell and the Robert Cell. In another aspect, liquid crystal spatial light modulators (SLMs) are used in the switching engine of an optical cross-connect. In another aspect, polarization gratings (PGs) are used in the switching engine. In another aspect, a switching engine includes a Fourier cell using SLMs with more than two states. Alternative imaging optics in a Fourier cell implementing a multiple-bounce, multiple image device are also disclosed.

Abstract: The embodiments may relate to games or sports using tangible projectiles. A tethered ball game embodiment may include a play ball and a tether that may be connected to the play ball and a sensor head assembly. The tether may be elastic. The sensor head assembly may have a force sensor to determine an impact power imparted to the play ball, a spin sensor to determine a rotational value of the play ball, a travel path sensor to determine a path of travel of the play ball, and a play ball strike sensor to determine a strike to the play ball. The tethered ball game also includes a target device and a player feedback system having lights and audio feedback, all controlled by a controls system.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are disclosed for detecting small leaks in double wall containers using enhanced tracer dispersal and detection techniques. More specifically, economical, substantially closed leak detection apparatuses, methods and systems are disclosed that conserve interstitial fluid between container walls enhancing the duration and sensitivity of leak detection testing.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are disclosed for detecting small leaks in double wall containers using enhanced tracer dispersal and detection techniques. More specifically, economical, substantially closed leak detection apparatuses, methods and systems are disclosed that conserve interstitial fluid between container walls enhancing the duration and sensitivity of leak detection testing.

Abstract: The embodiments may relate to games or sports using tangible projectiles. A tethered ball game embodiment may include a play ball and a tether that may be connected to the play ball and a sensor head assembly. The tether may be elastic. The sensor head assembly may have a force sensor to determine an impact power imparted to the play ball, a spin sensor to determine a rotational value of the play ball, a travel path sensor to determine a path of travel of the play ball, and a play ball strike sensor to determine a strike to the play ball. The tethered ball game also includes a target device and a player feedback system having lights and audio feedback, all controlled by a controls system.