Abstract: A heat exchanger including a shell, and a gyroid structure comprising a first plurality of holes forming a first fluid path and a second plurality of holes forming a second fluid path, where the first fluid path and the second fluid path are mutually sealed off, where the first plurality of holes is configured to pass a coolant through the first fluid path of the heat exchanger, and where the second plurality of holes is configured to pass a plating chemistry fluid through the second fluid path of the heat exchanger. Further, a method of exchanging heat in the electroplating apparatus including passing the coolant through the first plurality of holes of the first fluid path from the coolant inlet to the coolant outlet and passing the plating chemistry fluid through the second plurality of holes of the second fluid path from the plating inlet to the plating outlet.

Abstract: A coherent extreme ultraviolet (XUV) radiation source is provided that includes a non-linear optical conversion material solid substrate disposed for nonlinear conversion of infrared (IR) coherent radiation into XUV coherent radiation, where the solid substrate includes an IR coherent radiation region, and an XUV coherent radiation waveguide region, where the IR coherent radiation region is optically coupled to the XUV coherent radiation waveguide region, where the XUV coherent radiation converted from the IR coherent radiation by the non-linear optical conversion material propagates in and outputs from the XUV coherent radiation waveguide region.

Abstract: A coherent extreme ultraviolet (XUV) radiation source is provided that includes a non-linear optical conversion material solid substrate disposed for nonlinear conversion of infrared (IR) coherent radiation into XUV coherent radiation, where the solid substrate includes an IR coherent radiation region, and an XUV coherent radiation waveguide region, where the IR coherent radiation region is optically coupled to the XUV coherent radiation waveguide region, where the XUV coherent radiation converted from the IR coherent radiation by the non-linear optical conversion material propagates in and outputs from the XUV coherent radiation waveguide region.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a disc has a substrate; a data layer on the substrate; an anomaly-feature in the data layer disc capable of generating a read anomaly having a predictable anomaly profile; and anomaly profile data recorded in the data layer for characterizing the anomaly-feature. A disc can be labeled by imposing an anomaly-feature in the data layer capable of generating a read anomaly having a predictable anomaly profile; and disposing anomaly profile data on the disc, wherein the anomaly profile data characterizes the anomaly-feature.