Abstract: Techniques are provided for instantiating separate Java virtual machines for each session established by a server. Because each session has its own virtual machine, the Java programs executed by the server for each user connected to the server are insulated from the Java programs executed by the server for all other users connected to the server. The separate VM instances can be created and run, for example, in separate units of execution that are managed by the operating system of the platform on which the server is executing. For example, the separate VM instances may be executed either as separate processes, or using separate system threads. Because the units of execution used to run the separate VM instances are provided by the operating system, the operating system is able to ensure that the appropriate degree of insulation exists between the VM instances.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method for transferring digital files is provided. The method includes: downloading an application for facilitating the transfer of used digital files; storing the application at the client; receiving an indication of a used digital file that a user desires to sell; searching, using the application, storage on the client to determine any instances of the digital file; deleting any instances of the digital file if they are determined; transferring a forwarded file of the used digital file to a second entity; and deleting, using the application, the used digital file from the client upon transfer of the forwarded file.

Abstract: A device, system, and method for storage and display of articles, such as loose articles for use or sale, including a bin having a body, at least a portion of which is translucent or transparent, that allows for close-proximity arrangement, and easy rearrangement, of two or more bins while maintaining ease of retrieval of articles stored and displayed therein, and while allowing visual inspection of the contents of bins so arranged.

Abstract: Water soluble materials, compositions and systems for use in treating concrete-containing materials and surfaces are disclosed. Treatment modalities that include addition of the disclosed materials, compositions and systems to pre- and post-construction concrete-containing materials and surfaces are provided. Reductions in the rate and/or impact of corrosion are achieved for concrete-containing structures and surfaces. In addition, despite the water soluble properties of the material, composition or system, the treatments are effective in delivering an advantageous level of moisture resistance to the treated concrete-containing structure and/or surface. The composition is synthesized from a feedstock that includes C9 to C16 branched hydrocarbons of varying structures.

Abstract: A combination includes a composition providing corrosion resistance for application to a post-construction material, and a post-construction material, wherein the composition is applied to at least one surface of the post-construction material after the post-construction material has hardened. The composition may include an effective amount of a thinning agent, e.g., isopropyl alcohol, ethanol, xylene or similar composition. The composition may be an aqueous solution of a metal salt of a dioic acid. The post-construction material may be reinforced or unreinforced concrete. The post-construction material may be a concrete-containing structure, and the composition may be applied to an exterior surface thereof.

Abstract: A composition of a solution of a metal salt of a dioic acid that provides corrosion resistance and moisture resistance is disclosed for application to post-construction materials. The composition may further include an effective amount of a thinning agent, e.g., isopropyl alcohol, ethanol, xylene or similar composition for application directly to the surface of the post-construction material. The composition is effective for reducing corrosion of post-construction materials, including unreinforced concrete or reinforced concrete, and reduces the permeation of moisture and/or the extension of cracks/fissures within the post-construction material. The composition may be applied to the post-construction material through brush applications, spray applications, mist applications or the like.

Abstract: A communications system multiplexes voice communications signals onto one or more transport level connections established through a packetized network, such as the Internet. The invention supports the use of variable-length packets and accommodates variable jitter. The system conforms to real time protocol (RTP) and employs internet telephone gateways (ITGs) to bind users to channel identifiers, to indicate payload type and length, to provide channel identification and time stamps, and to indicate cessation and resumption of voice traffic from a particular user through use of, for example, marker bits.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method and software are provided for supporting a platform independent object format for a run-time environment in which a definition of an object in terms of a composition of one or more primitive types and a platform-specific description of the one or more primitive types are accessed. A layout for the object is then generated in a high-order language based on the definition of the object and the platform-specific description.

Abstract: A composition of a solution of a metal salt of a dioic acid that provides corrosion resistance and moisture resistance is disclosed for application to post-construction materials. The composition may further include an effective amount of a thinning agent, e.g., isopropyl alcohol, ethanol, xylene or similar composition for application directly to the surface of the post-construction material. The composition is effective for reducing corrosion of post-construction materials, including unreinforced concrete or reinforced concrete, and reduces the permeation of moisture and/or the extension of cracks/fissures within the post-construction material. The composition may be applied to the post-construction material through brush applications, spray applications, mist applications or the like.

Abstract: A method for creating, modifying, and terminating connections between Internet end systems, particularly, although not exclusively, for Internet telephony communication. The method relies on several request messages sent between a client and a server and the response messages sent back in response. Each request and response message may contain one or more header fields which modify or more uniquely link the messages with a given connection. On this basis, advanced telephony services, such as call forwarding, call transferring, and multiparty conferencing are provided.

Abstract: Techniques are provided for instantiating separate Java virtual machines for each session established by a server. Because each session has its own virtual machine, the Java programs executed by the server for each user connected to the server are insulated from the Java programs executed by the server for all other users connected to the server. The separate VM instances can be created and run, for example, in separate units of execution that are managed by the operating system of the platform on which the server is executing. For example, the separate VM instances may be executed either as separate processes, or using separate system threads. Because the units of execution used to run the separate VM instances are provided by the operating system, the operating system is able to ensure that the appropriate degree of insulation exists between the VM instances.

Abstract: Techniques are provided for instantiating separate Java virtual machines for each session established by a server. Because each session has its own virtual machine, the Java programs executed by the server for each user connected to the server are insulated from the Java programs executed by the server for all other users connected to the server. The separate VM instances can be created and run, for example, in separate units of execution that are managed by the operating system of the platform on which the server is executing. For example, the separate VM instances may be executed either as separate processes, or using separate system threads. Because the units of execution used to run the separate VM instances are provided by the operating system, the operating system is able to ensure that the appropriate degree of insulation exists between the VM instances.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for managing a run-time environment is provided for improving performance and scalability of networked computer systems. In one example of the invention, a method starts by loading a class file, the class file specifying a class that includes a static class variable and a static initializer to initialize the static class variable. The static initializer is then invoked to initialize the static class variable. The class and the initialized static class variable are then saved in a second class file. The second class file is then loaded into a shared memory, the second class file including the class and the initialized static class variable.

Abstract: A static object system is provided to allow for code for implementing a run-time environment to be automatically generated that is compatible with a high-order systems programming language such as C. In particular, the meta-object system is static, object-oriented, and uses generic functions that can dispatch to an appropriate member function based on the types of one or more arguments. In one embodiment, the generated dispatch code uses a multi-way conditional branch.

Abstract: A method and software for managing memory are provided in which objects residing in session memory are formatted so the references contained in the objects are in a machine-independent format, namely, that the references are encoded numerically. An exit table is provided to handle references with session memory that refer to locations in call memory, in which each entry in the exit table is associated with a corresponding reference in session memory and contains a pointer to the location in call memory.

Abstract: A switch that is made up of a number of internal switches that receive independent inputs that, only when input in the correct sequence at the correct speed, actuate the main switch, and a method for actuating such a switch.

Abstract: A vehicle parking network comprises a transmitter-responder device (TRD) for each subscriber and a complementary box which can be coupled to the TRD and only to it, and permits it to communicate with a central computer. The complementary box is provided with identification marks that can be scanned from the outside and includes a microcontroller, memory means and timing means. Once the vehicle is parked, the TRD is used to obtain from the computer a parking authorization and an allowed parking time. Then a legitimate parking sign is displayed and the parking time is downcounted until the allowed time has been completed or until the vehicle leaves the parking space. If communication with the computer cannot be established, the complementary box carries out an assumed parking procedure, stores its data in a buffer memory, and later transmits them to the computer for verification and registration. The computer communicates the data of each parking to the Public Authority charged with collecting the parking fees.

Abstract: An invariant numeric reference format is defined in a run-time environment for both run-time and storage use. A numeric reference to an object encodes the location of the object as an integral offset from an implicit machine pointer. In environments where the size of contiguous virtual memory segments is limited, objects are stored in a number of fixed-size contiguous chunks in virtual memory called pages. A page-offset numeric reference includes an offset and a page number, which is used to index a page map that contains a page pointer to the beginning of the page. Page-offset numeric references are dereferenced by adding the offset in the numeric reference to the page pointer obtained from the page map based on the page number in the numeric reference.

Abstract: An apparatus for an optical mouse for use with control systems, which is environmentally sealed and durable and therefore, suited for industrial and/or harsh environmental uses.