Abstract: A reactor is used to grow a process material, such as algae. The reactor may include fluid-cooled light sources and a movable sparger assembly to increase the effective production volume of the reactor.

Abstract: A reactor is used to grow a process material, such as algae. The reactor may include fluid-cooled light sources and a movable sparger assembly to increase the effective production volume of the reactor.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods of converting refuse into energy production and useful gases include a sealed rotary gas kiln in which the refuse is volatized. Prior to entry into the kiln, the refuse may be conditioned by removing certain materials not suitable for volatilization and by reducing the physical size of the refuse into easily processed bundles. The sealed kiln includes a refuse inlet, a post-volatilization solids outlet, and an exhaust gas outlet. The kiln is sealed so that substantially all exhaust gas exits through the exhaust gas outlet. Additionally, the system may include an organic rankine cycle unit in which primarily generates power from the exhaust gas, while also separating some materials from the exhaust gas. The system may also include a separator which removes additional solids from the exhaust gas stream and separates usable gases from the exhaust gas. The materials collecting at each stage of the process may be reused internally or may be sold for external uses.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for cultivating photosynthetic organisms, such as algae, in a bioreactor may include a bioreactor having a primary tank. Light and carbon dioxide are provided in the tank sufficient to promote algae growth. The algae is agitated inside the tank to increase the amount of algae receiving sufficient light exposure inside the tank. Agitation may be provided by a closed loop circulation system or a mixer having a plurality of rotating blades. The gas source may be positioned and oriented with respect to the light source to keep the light source free of adhered material.