Abstract: An optical element includes a transmissive layer arranged on a substrate and made up of discrete volumes of first and second optical media. The layer is between the substrate and another optical medium. The volumes are arranged so that, averaged over a wavelength’s distance of an incident optical signal, the effective reflectivities of the two surfaces of the transmissive layer and the effective double-pass phase delay through the transmissive layer are substantially constant across the transmissive layer. The reflectivities and phase delay result in net power reflectivity that differs from that of the substrate in direct contact with the other optical medium. The transmissive layer can be arranged as an anti-reflection layer.

Abstract: An optical element includes a transmissive layer arranged on a substrate and made up of discrete volumes of first and second optical media. The layer is between the substrate and another optical medium. The volumes are arranged so that, averaged over a wavelength's distance of an incident optical signal, the effective reflectivities of the two surfaces of the transmissive layer and the effective double-pass phase delay through the transmissive layer are substantially constant across the transmissive layer. The reflectivities and phase delay result in net power reflectivity that differs from that of the substrate in direct contact with the other optical medium. The transmissive layer can be arranged as an anti-reflection layer.

Abstract: A method includes generating from a time-series dataset multiple corresponding time-slice datasets. Each time-slice dataset has a corresponding time-slice time index and includes field-value data strings and associated field-value-time-index data strings, or pointers indicating the corresponding strings in an earlier time-slice dataset, that are the latest in the time-series dataset that are also earlier than the corresponding time-slice time index. A query of the time-series dataset for latest data records earlier than a given query time index is performed by using the time-slice datasets to reduce or eliminate the need to directly access or interrogate the time-series dataset.

Abstract: A ring optical resonator and one or more input optical waveguides are arranged on a substrate, and are arranged and positioned to establish evanescent optical coupling between them. The ring optical resonator, the substrate, or both include one or more nonlinear optical materials. To detect an electromagnetic signal at frequency ?EM incident on the resonator, an input optical signal at frequency ?IN propagates along the waveguide and around the resonator. The incident electromagnetic signal and the input optical signal generate one or more sideband optical signals at corresponding optical sideband frequencies ?SF=?IN+?EM or ?DF=?IN??EM. To generate an electromagnetic signal to propagate away from the resonator, input optical signals at frequencies ?IN1 and ?IN2 propagate along one or more waveguides and around the resonator and generate the electromagnetic signal incident at frequency ?EM=|?IN1??IN2|.

Abstract: A ring optical resonator and one or more input optical waveguides are arranged on a substrate, and are arranged and positioned to establish evanescent optical coupling between them. The ring optical resonator, the substrate, or both include one or more nonlinear optical materials. To detect an electromagnetic signal at frequency ?EM incident on the resonator, an input optical signal at frequency ?IN propagates along the waveguide and around the resonator. The incident electromagnetic signal and the input optical signal generate one or more sideband optical signals at corresponding optical sideband frequencies ?SF=?IN+?EM or ?DF=?IN??EM. To generate an electromagnetic signal to propagate away from the resonator, input optical signals at frequencies ?IN1 and ?IN2 propagate along one or more waveguides and around the resonator and generate the electromagnetic signal incident at frequency ?EM=|?IN1??IN2|.

Abstract: A method includes generating from a time-series dataset multiple corresponding time-slice datasets. Each time-slice dataset has a corresponding time-slice time index and includes field-value data strings and associated field-value-time-index data strings, or pointers indicating the corresponding strings in an earlier time-slice dataset, that are the latest in the time-series dataset that are also earlier than the corresponding time-slice time index. A query of the time-series dataset for latest data records earlier than a given query time index is performed by using the time-slice datasets to reduce or eliminate the need to directly access or interrogate the time-series dataset.

Abstract: A method includes generating from a time-series dataset multiple corresponding time-slice datasets. Each time-slice dataset has a corresponding time-slice time index and includes field-value data strings and associated field-value-time-index data strings, or pointers indicating the corresponding strings in an earlier time-slice dataset, that are the latest in the time-series dataset that are also earlier than the corresponding time-slice time index. A query of the time-series dataset for latest data records earlier than a given query time index is performed by using the time-slice datasets to reduce or eliminate the need to directly access or interrogate the time-series dataset.

Abstract: A method includes generating from a time-series dataset multiple corresponding time-slice datasets. Each time-slice dataset has a corresponding time-slice time index and includes field-value data strings and associated field-value-time-index data strings, or pointers indicating the corresponding strings in an earlier time-slice dataset, that are the latest in the time-series dataset that are also earlier than the corresponding time-slice time index. A query of the time-series dataset for latest data records earlier than a given query time index is performed by using the time-slice datasets to reduce or eliminate the need to directly access or interrogate the time-series dataset.

Abstract: An optical element includes a transmissive layer arranged on a substrate and made up of discrete volumes of first and second optical media. The layer is between the substrate and another optical medium. The volumes are arranged so that, averaged over a wavelength's distance of an incident optical signal, the effective reflectivities of the two surfaces of the transmissive layer and the effective double-pass phase delay through the transmissive layer are substantially constant across the transmissive layer. The reflectivities and phase delay result in net power reflectivity that differs from that of the substrate in direct contact with the other optical medium. The transmissive layer can be arranged as an anti-reflection layer.

Abstract: A method includes generating from a time-series dataset multiple corresponding time-slice datasets. Each time-slice dataset has a corresponding time-slice time index and includes field-value data strings and associated field-value-time-index data strings, or pointers indicating the corresponding strings in an earlier time-slice dataset, that are the latest in the time-series dataset that are also earlier than the corresponding time-slice time index. A query of the time-series dataset for latest data records earlier than a given query time index is performed by using the time-slice datasets to reduce or eliminate the need to directly access or interrogate the time-series dataset.

Abstract: A method includes generating from a time-series dataset multiple corresponding time-slice datasets. Each time-slice dataset has a corresponding time-slice time index and includes field-value data strings and associated field-value-time-index data strings, or pointers indicating the corresponding strings in an earlier time-slice dataset, that are the latest in the time-series dataset that are also earlier than the corresponding time-slice time index. A query of the time-series dataset for latest data records earlier than a given query time index is performed by using the time-slice datasets to reduce or eliminate the need to directly access or interrogate the time-series dataset.

Abstract: A data structure comprises a clump header table and an inline tree data structure. The inline tree, representing filterable data fields of hierarchically organized data records, comprises an alternating sequence of first-level binary string segments, each followed by one or more corresponding second-level binary string segments. Each clump header record includes an indicator of a location in the inline tree of corresponding binary string segments. A dedicated, specifically adapted conversion program generates the clump header file and the inline tree for storage on any computer-readable medium, and the inline tree can be read entirely into RAM to be searched or filtered. A dedicated, specifically adapted search and filter program is employed to list or enumerate retrieved data records. Run-time computer code generation can reduce time required for searching and filtering. One example includes spatial searching and filtering of data records that include spatial coordinates as data fields.

Abstract: A data structure comprises a clump header table and an inline tree data structure. The inline tree, representing filterable data fields of hierarchically organized data records, comprises an alternating sequence of first-level binary string segments, each followed by one or more corresponding second-level binary string segments. Each clump header record includes an indicator of a location in the inline tree of corresponding binary string segments. A dedicated, specifically adapted conversion program generates the clump header file and the inline tree for storage on any computer-readable medium, and the inline tree can be read entirely into RAM to be searched or filtered. A dedicated, specifically adapted search and filter program is employed to list or enumerate retrieved data records. Run-time computer code generation can reduce time required for searching and filtering. One example includes spatial searching and filtering of data records that include spatial coordinates as data fields.

Abstract: A data structure comprises a clump header table and an inline tree data structure. The inline tree, representing filterable data fields of hierarchically organized data records, comprises an alternating sequence of first-level binary string segments, each followed by one or more corresponding second-level binary string segments. Each clump header record includes an indicator of a location in the inline tree of corresponding binary string segments. A dedicated, specifically adapted conversion program generates the clump header file and the inline tree for storage on any computer-readable medium, and the inline tree can be read entirely into RAM to be searched or filtered. A dedicated, specifically adapted search and filter program is employed to list or enumerate retrieved data records. Run-time computer code generation can reduce time required for searching and filtering. One example includes spatial searching and filtering of data records that include spatial coordinates as data fields.

Abstract: A spectrally-encoded label comprises a spectrally-selective optical element having a label spectral signature. The label spectral signature is determined according to a spectral-encoding scheme so as to represent predetermined label information within the spectral encoding scheme. The label emits output light in response to input light selected by the label spectral signature of the optical element. A spectrally-encoded label system further comprises an optical detector sensitive to the output light emitted from the label, and a decoder operatively coupled to the detector for extracting the label information according to the spectral encoding scheme, and may also include a light source providing the input light for illuminating the label.

Abstract: A spectrally-encoded label comprises a spectrally-selective optical element having a label spectral signature. The label spectral signature is determined according to a spectral-encoding scheme so as to represent predetermined label information within the spectral encoding scheme. The label emits output light in response to input light selected by the label spectral signature of the optical element. A spectrally-encoded label system further comprises an optical detector sensitive to the output light emitted from the label, and a decoder operatively coupled to the detector for extracting the label information according to the spectral encoding scheme, and may also include a light source providing the input light for illuminating the label.

Abstract: An optical signal may be received into orthogonal linearly polarized modes of a transmission optical waveguide, the transmission waveguide including first and second transverse-coupling segments thereof. Optical signal polarized along one polarization direction may be substantially completely transferred from the transmission waveguide into a first transverse-coupled waveguide, the first transverse-coupled waveguide being optically transverse-coupled to the first transverse-coupling segment of the transmission waveguide. Optical signal polarized along the other polarization direction may be substantially completely transferred from the transmission waveguide into a second transverse-coupled waveguide, the second transverse-coupled waveguide being optically transverse-coupled to the second transverse-coupling segment of the transmission waveguide. The optical signals carried by the first and second transverse-coupled waveguides may be combined into a single waveguide.

Abstract: A spectrally-encoded label comprises a spectrally-selective optical element having a label spectral signature. The label spectral signature is determined according to a spectral-encoding scheme so as to represent predetermined label information within the spectral encoding scheme. The label emits output light in response to input light selected by the label spectral signature of the optical element. A spectrally-encoded label system further comprises an optical detector sensitive to the output light emitted from the label, and a decoder operatively coupled to the detector for extracting the label information according to the spectral encoding scheme, and may also include a light source providing the input light for illuminating the label.

Abstract: An optical signal may be received into orthogonal linearly polarized modes of a transmission optical waveguide, the transmission waveguide including first and second transverse-coupling segments thereof. Optical signal polarized along one polarization direction may be substantially completely transferred from the transmission waveguide into a first transverse-coupled waveguide, the first transverse-coupled waveguide being optically transverse-coupled to the first transverse-coupling segment of the transmission waveguide. Optical signal polarized along the other polarization direction may be substantially completely transferred from the transmission waveguide into a second transverse-coupled waveguide, the second transverse-coupled waveguide being optically transverse-coupled to the second transverse-coupling segment of the transmission waveguide. The optical signals carried by the first and second transverse-coupled waveguides may be combined into a single waveguide.