Abstract: An online system iteratively targets content at users to improve the scope of a target audience for the content. The system receives the content from a content provider and determines an initial target audience for the content. The system provides members of the target audience with the content and monitors those users to determine which users interact with the content. A group of lookalike users is determined based on the characteristics of the users who interacted with the content. A new target audience is constructed, including the group of lookalike users, and the content is provided to the new target audience. The process is repeated one or more times to improve and expand the target audience.

Abstract: A first online system allows a user to create content items for presentation in a second online system without having an account in the second online system. The first online system maintains identifying information associated with users of the first online system. The first online system may also maintain a set of permissions identifying users of the first online system authorized to create content items associated with each user of the first online system. Based on the information, the first online system enables its users to create content items for presentation to users of the second online system without requiring the users to create accounts on the second online system. The content items may include one or more types of objects maintained by the first online system that help identify the user associated with the content item.

Abstract: A first online system allows a user to create content items for presentation in a second online system without having an account in the second online system. The first online system maintains identifying information associated with users of the first online system. The first online system may also maintain a set of permissions identifying users of the first online system authorized to create content items associated with each user of the first online system. Based on the information, the first online system enables its users to create content items for presentation to users of the second online system without requiring the users to create accounts on the second online system. The content items may include one or more types of objects maintained by the first online system that help identify the user associated with the content item.

Abstract: A novel growth medium called “H15” is disclosed that supports much higher E. coli cell densities and, concomitantly, a much higher yield of plasmid than previously reported for small-scale applications. The high-yield growth medium contains two buffers with different pKa values and an additional nucleotide source. On a unit volume basis, E. coli cultures grown in this medium consistently produce 5-10 times, and sometimes up to 30 times, more recombinant plasmid than in conventional rich media, paralleling the increase in cell density. This phenomenon is independent of E. coli host strain, DNA insert size and plasmid copy number. H15 medium is economical and high yields can be achieved using standard research laboratory equipment.

Abstract: A novel growth medium called “H15” is disclosed that supports much higher E. coli cell densities and, concomitantly, a much higher yield of plasmid than previously reported for small-scale applications. The high-yield growth medium contains two buffers with different pKa values and an additional nucleotide source. On a unit volume basis, E. coli cultures grown in this medium consistently produce 5-10 times, and sometimes up to 30 times, more recombinant plasmid than in conventional rich media, paralleling the increase in cell density. This phenomenon is independent of E. coli host strain, DNA insert size and plasmid copy number. H15 medium is economical and high yields can be achieved using standard research laboratory equipment.

Abstract: A novel growth medium called “H15” is disclosed that supports much higher E. coli cell densities and, concomitantly, a much higher yield of plasmid than previously reported for small-scale applications. The high-yield growth medium contains two buffers with different pKa values and an additional nucleotide source. On a unit volume basis, E. coli cultures grown in this medium consistently produce 5-10 times, and sometimes up to 30 times, more recombinant plasmid than in conventional rich media, paralleling the increase in cell density. This phenomenon is independent of E. coli host strain, DNA insert size and plasmid copy number. H15 medium is economical and high yields can be achieved using standard research laboratory equipment.