Abstract: The activity of a zeolite catalyst is enhanced by forming the catalyst into a composite with a binder such as alumina and steaming the composite. Preferred zeolites have a Constraint Index of 1 to 12.

Abstract: A process is provided for converting feedstock comprising hydrocarbon compounds to product comprising hydrocarbon compounds of lower molecular weight than feedstock hydrocarbon compounds over a catalyst comprising a siliceous zeolite prepared by the method comprising providing zeolite Beta containing boron and aluminum, treating the zeolite with silicon tetrachloride at a temperature and for a time sufficient to replace boron with silicon, and recovering the siliceous zeolite having reduced boron content but substantially preserved initial aluminum content. In particular embodiments, the conversion is selective cracking for waxes and the process is useful for reducing the pour point of fuel oils and lubricants.

Abstract: A process for the production of lubricant oil range hydrocarbon having increased viscosity index by oligomerization of lower olefins over medium pore shape selective acid zeolite catalyst. The preferred oligomerization process is conducted using 50 ppm to 5 weight percent of water vapor as cofeed, based on olefin and acid ZSM-5 zeolite.

Abstract: In a method of removing tetrahedral aluminum from a aluminosilicate zeolite, the zeolite is treated with an aqueous fluorosilicate solution which reacts with tetrahedral aluminum in said zeolite to produce water-insoluble aluminum fluoride. In addition, during or after the aluminum removal, the zeolite is contacted with an aqueous solution containing a water-soluble fluoride of reacting with the insoluble aluminum fluoride to produce a water-soluble species.

Abstract: It has been discovered that although a spent dewaxing catalyst based on a shape selective zeolite catalyst can be regenerated to restore its alpha activity, while substantially maintaining the acid site density of the fresh catalyst, the aging rate of that regenerated catalyst applied in multi-cycle dewaxing operations increases from cycle to cycle. In accordance with the invention use of a sorbent guard bed upstream of the dewaxing catalyst bed and regeneration of the dewaxing catalyst, isolated from the sorbent guard bed with recycle of such regenerated dewaxing catalyst, to the multi-cycle dewaxing operation is described. The result is that the increase in aging rate, referred to above is substantially eliminated, which provides predicatability of conditions in second, third and fourth dewaxing cycles.

Abstract: A process is provided for converting feedstock comprising C.sub.2.sup.+ olefins, C.sub.2 -C.sub.7 paraffins or a mixture thereof to conversion product comprising C.sub.5.sup.+ hydrocarbon compounds over a catalyst composition prepared by compositing a high-silica zeolite having a Constraint Index of from 1 to 12 with binder, followed by treating the composite under conditions effective for increasing the catalytic activity of the composition.

Abstract: A process is provided for converting feedstock comprising aromatic compounds over a catalyst composition prepared by compositing a high silica zeolite with binder followed by treating the composite under conditions effective to enhance the activity of the composition.

Abstract: A process is provided for converting feedstock comprising oxygenates to product comprising hydrocarbons over a catalyst composition prepared by compositing a high silica zeolite having a Constraint Index of from 1 to 12 with binder, followed by treating the composite under conditions effective for increasing the catalytic activity of the composition.

Abstract: The activity of a zeolite catalyst is enhanced by forming the catalyst into a composite with a binder such as alumina and steaming the composite. The zeolites have a Constraint Index of 1 to 12 and a silica:alumina ratio of at least 12 and ZSM-5 is preferred. The enhancement of the activity is greatest at the high silica:alumina ratio, especially at ratios above 1200.

Abstract: A shape selective catalyst useful in a variety of hydrocarbon conversion processes such as cracking, hydrocracking, hydrofining, isomerization, dewaxing, and the like, is obtained from the process which comprises steaming a precursor crystalline aluminosilicate in the hydrogen or ammonium form having a silica-alumina ratio greater than 12, a constraint index between about 1 and about 12 and an alpha value greater than about 20 in the presence of ammonia to provide a crystalline aluminosilicate having an alpha value of from about 10 to about 150 and thereafter ion-exchanging the steamed precursor with an alkali metal cation under conditions effective to further reduce the alpha value of the crystalline aluminosilicate to less than about 10.

Abstract: A method for stabilizing the activity of a highly siliceous zeolite used as a catalyst in the processing of hydrocarbon feedstock comprises the addition of about 0.1 to 10 weight percent olefins to the feedstock prior to contacting with said catalyst under hydrocarbon conversion conditions. The method is particularly useful when used in catalytic dewaxing processes.

Abstract: Crude oil, when mildly dewaxed in the absence or presence of added hydrogen, separates into two phases with different pour points. A filtration step, which removes less than 5 percent of the product as solids, prevents this phase separation.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon conversion catalysts having reduced aging rates and exhibiting lower gas yield in conversion processes are made by pre-steaming a large pore, high silica zeolite such as mordenite or zeolite Y and base-exchanging the steamed zeolite with an alkali metal to reduce the acidity to a low value.

Abstract: This invention provides an improved process for hydroconversion of a heavy hydrocarbon oil having a CCR content of 8-30 weight percent, which process involves contacting the heavy oil in a hydrovisbreaking zone containing a low acidity zeolite catalyst and recovering and fractionating the visbroken effluent to provide distillate products and a 1000.degree. F.+ fraction which has a Kinematic Viscosity between about 30,000-60,000 centistokes at 100.degree. F.

Abstract: A shape selective catalyst useful in a variety of hydrocarbon conversion processes such as cracking, hydrocracking, hydrofining, isomerization, dewaxing, and the like, is obtained from the process which comprises steaming a precursor crystalline aluminosilicate in the hydrogen or ammonium form having a silica-alumina ratio greater than 12, a constraint index between about 1 and about 12 and an alpha value greater than about 20 in the presence of ammonia to provide a crystalline aluminosilicate having an alpha value of from about 10 to about 150 and therafter ion-exchanging the steamed precursor with an alkali metal cation under conditions effective to further reduce the alpha value of the crystalline aluminosilicate to less than about 10.

Abstract: Conversion of hydrocarbons is conducted over low acidity zeolites such as the sodium form of zeolite ZSM-5 to yield products like those produced by hydrocracking but with substantially decreased proportion of light hydrocarbons having one to four carbon atoms. (Sulfiding of sodium zeolites activates such sodium zeolites for the present purpose.) The hydrocarbon conversion is conducted with mixed phase charge (Trickle mode) under hydrogen pressure or with liquid phase charge in a liquid-full reactor.A catalyst composition comprising a metallic hydrogenation catalyst on a refractory support and an alkali metal crystalline zeolite.

Abstract: The aging of a dewaxing catalyst, such as a presteamed, sodium-exchanged ZSM-5 type zeolite, is improved when the dewaxing is being conducted in the presence or absence of added gas if water or a water precursor is admixed with the feedstock.

Abstract: In a process for converting a high boiling hydrocarbon charge fraction to liquid products of lower boiling range which comprises contacting said charge fraction with a crystalline zeolite characterized by a silica/alumina ratio greater than 12, a constraint index between about 1 and about 12 and an acid activity measured by the alpha scale less than 10, said contacting being conducted at 650.degree. to 850.degree. F., space velocity of 0.1 to 5.0 LHSV and a pressure not less than about 200 psi, the improvement which comprises utilizing, as catalyst, a zeolite of the above character that is prepared by steaming followed by base exchange to substantially eliminate its activity for cracking n-hexane.

Abstract: In a process for converting a high boiling hydrocarbon charge fraction to liquid products of lower boiling range which comprises contacting said charge fraction with a crystalline zeolite characterized by a silica/alumina ratio greater than 12, a constraint index between about 1 and about 12 and an acid activity measured by the alpha scale less than 10, said contacting being conducted at 650.degree. to 850.degree. F., space velocity of 0.1 to 5.0 LHSV and a pressure not less than about 200 psi, the improvement which comprises utilizing, as catalyst, a zeolite of the above character that is prepared by steaming followed by base exchange to substantially eliminate its activity for cracking n-hexane.

Abstract: Conversion of hydrocarbons is conducted over low acidity zeolites such as the sodium form of zeolite ZSM-5 to yield products like those produced by hydrocracking but with substantially decreased proportion of light hydrocarbons having one to four carbon atoms. The hydrocarbon conversion is conducted with mixed phase charge (trickle mode) under hydrogen pressure or with liquid phase charge in a liquid-full reactor. The product of such conversion is admixed with a pour point depressant for storage.