Abstract: A method for calculating an element of a projection includes calculating an element Ai,j of a projection matrix using at least two different rays through a voxel.

Abstract: A method of reconstructing an image includes performing an iterative CT X-ray image reconstruction using a model including a point spread function (PSF) to reconstruct an image.

Abstract: Disclosed are photo or electron beam curable polymerizable compositions, and preparation thereof and devices containing such cured material. The composition contains completely or substantially completely hydrogenated hydrocarbon-based material completely free or substantially free of carbon-carbon double and triple bonds containing photo or electron beam curable terminal or pendant groups, low-outgassing photoinitiators, an optional viscosity adjustment component and an optional filler. The composition is visible light, UV or electron beam curable. It cures into a low-modulus, low outgassing polymer material. The composition can be used as an adhesive, sealant or lens potting material. It is ideal for use in lithographic tools and other optical devices involving deep or vacuum ultraviolet radiations, in particular, as lens potting materials for 248 nm, 193 nm and 157 nm lithographic tools, as well as other optical devices involving using high fluence irradiation.

Abstract: A system and method for communicating messages between mobile communication devices. Predefined and customizable messages are provided to the user for selection and transmittal. Customizable messages include customizable text entry portions for text, default information such as the date or time, or defined information previously input and saved in memory by the user. Each predefined message can be translated into another language for transmission to one or more recipients. Acoustic messages can also be recorded and transmitted to one or more recipients. Messages are transmitted by conventional means over radio frequencies, infrared, or cable connections. In a second embodiment messages and translations are transmitted by code to a central server which decodes and transmits the message to each recipient mobile. In a third embodiment, all mobiles in the communication system are programmed to contain identical predefined and customizable messages and messages are transmitted by code.

Abstract: A message is automatically broadcast to a plurality of recipients from a mobile wireless communications device. A recipient list of recipient names and addresses is preprogrammed and stored in the wireless communications device. Recorded voice and text messages are sent to recipients and recipient telephones, voicemail systems, and email and Internet addresses from the recipient list. Delivery status options can be selected to identify the recipient addresses receiving the message, the recipient addresses with answering machines receiving the message, the recipient addresses not accepting the message, or non-communicating recipient addresses. In addition, recipient message response options can be selected including accepting, displaying or storing the responses. Recipient non-receipt options also can be selected, such as rebroadcasting the message, displaying a status message, or doing nothing in response to recipient addresses not receiving the message.

Abstract: A message is automatically broadcast to a plurality of recipients from a mobile wireless communications device. A recipient list of recipient names and addresses is preprogrammed and stored in the wireless communications device. Recorded voice and text messages are sent to recipients and recipient telephones, voicemail systems, and email and Internet addresses from the recipient list Delivery status options can be selected to identify the recipient addresses receiving the message, the recipient addresses with answering machines receiving the message, the recipient addresses not accepting the message, or non-communicating recipient addresses. In addition, recipient message response options can be selected including accepting, displaying or storing the responses. Recipient non-receipt options also can be selected, such as rebroadcasting the message, displaying a status message, or doing nothing in response to recipient addresses not receiving the message.

Abstract: Disclosed are photo or electron beam curable polymerizable compositions, and preparation thereof and devices containing such cured material. The composition contains completely or substantially completely hydrogenated hydrocarbon-based material completely free or substantially free of carbon-carbon double and triple bonds containing photo or electron beam curable terminal or pendant groups, low-outgassing photoinitiators, an optional viscosity adjustment component and an optional filler. The composition is visible light, UV or electron beam curable. It cures into a low-modulus, low outgassing polymer material. The composition can be used as an adhesive, sealant or lens potting material. It is ideal for use in lithographic tools and other optical devices involving deep or vacuum ultraviolet radiations, in particular, as lens potting materials for 248 nm, 193 nm and 157 nm lithographic tools, as well as other optical devices involving using high fluence irradiation.

Abstract: An electroplating system includes (a) a phosphorized anode having an average grain size of at least about 50 micrometers and (b) plating apparatus that separates the anode from the cathode and prevents most particles generated at the anode from passing to the cathode. The separation may be accomplished by interposing a microporous chemical transport barrier between the anode and cathode. The relatively few particles that are generated at the large grain phosphorized copper anode are prevented from passing into the cathode (wafer) chamber area and thereby causing a defect in the part.

Abstract: A system and method are provided for automatically broadcasting a message to a plurality of recipients from a mobile wireless communications device. The method comprises: preprogramming a recipient list of recipient names and addresses; storing the recipient list in the wireless communications device; recording voice and text messages; selecting recipients and recipient telephones, voicemail systems, and email and Internet addresses from the recipient list; and, selecting delivery status options. The delivery status options can be used to identify the recipient addresses receiving the message, the recipient addresses with answering machines receiving the message, the recipient addresses not accepting the message, or non-communicating recipient addresses. In addition, recipient message response options can be selected. For example, the user can accept responses from the recipients, display the responses from the recipients, or store the responses from the recipients in the wireless communications device.

Abstract: A system and method for communicating messages between mobile communication devices. Predefined and customizable messages are provided to the user for selection and transmittal. Customizable messages include customizable text entry portions for text, default information such as the date or time, or defined information previously input and saved in memory by the user. Each predefined message can be translated into another language for transmission to one or more recipients. Acoustic messages can also be recorded and transmitted to one or more recipients. Messages are transmitted by conventional means over radio frequencies, infrared, or cable connections. In a second embodiment messages and translations are transmitted by code to a central server which decodes and transmits the message to each recipient mobile. In a third embodiment, all mobiles in the communication system are programmed to contain identical predefined and customizable messages and messages are transmitted by code.