Abstract: Embodiments provide an image processing method, program, and apparatus, for using a database of data manifestations of objects to identify those objects in image data representing a domain or space containing objects to be identified. Embodiments leverage 3D vector field representations of both the domain or space, and of the objects, to perform the recognition. Embodiments annotate the image data with information relating to the identified objects, and/or replace portions of the image data with a data manifestation of the recognised object imported from the database.

Abstract: The invention provides an optical mux/demux for an optical printed circuit board. The mux/demux comprises: a first waveguide formed on a support layer for carrying a wavelength division multiplexed optical signal; a separator/combiner for separating the wavelength division multiplexed signal into component signals of corresponding wavelengths or for combining component signals into the said wavelength division multiplexed signal; and plural second waveguides, each for receiving or providing one or more of the said component signals, wherein the separator/combiner is at a predetermined location relative to the waveguides.