Abstract: Apparatus for applying light to an area of skin and for simultaneously electrically stimulating that area of skin, the apparatus including at least one flexible pad adapted to be placed onto or over the area of skin to be treated, the or each pad including a flexible circuit board providing, in use, electrical power to an electric muscle stimulation (EMS) electrode and an array of Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) interspersed therebetween whereby to simultaneously electrically stimulate the area of skin beneath the pad and also provide light to that area from the LEDs.

Abstract: A sunbed with at least one flexible substrate onto or between which a person requiring a sun tan may res. The or each substrate may have therein or thereon an array of LEDs covering substantially the whole of at least one side of the substrate whereby, in use, the LEDs are able to provide an even coverage of UV light to a user of the sunbed.

Abstract: A flexible lipolysis stimulating device and arrangement including a flexible substrate conformable with contours of a user's body, a plurality of radiation generating devices disposed upon the flexible substrate and a flexible housing conformable with the contours of the user's body, which is arranged to house the flexible substrate and the plurality of radiation generating devices.

Abstract: A flexible eye mask for inducing brainwave in a brain of a wearer including a flexible substrate conformable with the contours of a face of the wearer, a plurality of light generation devices disposed upon the flexible substrate, a controller for controlling operation of the plurality of light generation devices and a power source for powering the plurality of light generation devices.

Abstract: A polarization beam splitter comprises a substrate, two waveguides formed in the substrate for conducting different polarization components, and an evanescent coupler acting between the waveguides to split an input light signal incorporating TE and TM polarization components into an output signal consisting of the TE polarization component and an light output signal consisting of the TM polarization component conducted along respective waveguides. To this end the evanescent coupler comprises substantially identical adjacent portions of the two waveguides arranged symmetrically with respect to one another and having geometries such that one of the polarization components extends laterally within each waveguide portion to a greater extent than the other polarization component. The splitting apart of the two polarization components occurs due to the resulting difference between the coupling length for said one polarization component and the coupling length for said other polarization component.

Abstract: A polarisation dependent loss (PDL) compensator for receiving from a transmission system radiation having TM and TE polarisation components comprises a waveguide structure for separating the TM and TE polarisation components, the reference numerals denoting the TM mode axis and the TE mode axis corresponding to the TM and TE fundamental mode heights within the waveguide structure. Differential coupling losses are introduced by positioning the ends of input/output fibres relative to the axes to generate a required amount of coupling PDL, that is for applying a first loss to the TM polarisation component and a second loss to the TE polarisation component. If the waveguide structure has positive PDL (TE mode loss greater than TM mode loss), for example, the output fibre may be aligned with the TE mode axis to reduce TE coupling loss relative to TM coupling loss, thus inducing a negative coupling PDL.