Abstract: A method for moulding microstructures and nanostructures on a layer that can be thermally structured by means of a structured mould using an electromagnetic radiation producing the required heat. A mechanically stable mould and a stable base are used. By absorbing a beam with high energy density, either the mould or the base is heated on the surface due to the low penetration depth of the beam. The generated heat is transmitted to the layer, and the softened layer is then structured by means of the mould. The layer that is used is as transmitting as possible and is penetrated by the beam before being heated. The heat required for moulding can be generated very rapidly by means of energy radiation absorption. The inventive method allows nanostructures and microstructures to be moulded on a substrate or be opened on a coated surface on structures in the nanometer range.