Abstract: A waveguide is provided for transmitting electromagnetic waves, in particular for transmitting image information, from a proximal end to a distal end, along a transport direction running between the ends and a via a cross-section running transversely to the transport direction. The waveguide has a plurality of structural elements, wherein at least two different types of structural elements have a first type with a first refractive index and a second type with a second refractive index. Each of the structural dements extends along the transport direction and over a part of the cross-section of the waveguide such that a plurality of cross-sectional regions are defined in the cross-section of the waveguide, each cross-sectional region corresponding to the cross-section of an individual structural element.

Abstract: A substrate sub-element has at least one body. The body has at least one material from the group consisting of: glass, glass ceramic, and silicon. The body also has at least one side face. The side face has a height-modulated surface over at least a portion thereof, a surface roughness over at least a portion thereof, and a variation of the surface due to the surface roughness between 1 and 5 orders of magnitude less than a variation of the surface due to the height modulation.

Abstract: A substrate body has a first major surface and a distinguished surface. The distinguished surface has at least one first curved progression in at least a portion thereof. The first curved progression lies in a cross-sectional plane defined by a normal vector to the distinguished surface and a normal vector to the first major surface. The first curved progression is defined by a parabolic function, a quartic function, a logarithmic function, or a polynomial function. The substrate body has a thickness of 500 ?m or less.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for preparing and/or performing the separation of a substrate element into at least two substrate sub-elements along a separation face and a substrate sub-element which is manufactured and/or can be manufactured in particular by use of the method according to the disclosure.

Abstract: A method for preparing and/or carrying out the structuring of a predetermined or predeterminable distinguished surface of a substrate body having a substrate material includes exposing the substrate material in at least one curved effective area to an electromagnetic field which in each of the at least one curved effective area causes a non-linear interaction between the electromagnetic field and the substrate material, and thus at least partially influencing the substrate material arranged in the curved effective area. After the structuring of the distinguished surface the distinguished surface has at least in certain areas at least one first curved progression which is at least partially determined and/or influenced by the curved shape of the at least one curved effective area. The nonlinear interaction causes at least one nonlinear absorption of the electromagnetic field in the substrate material.

Abstract: A method of structuring a glass element having a first side face and a second side face is provided. The method includes the steps of: producing a filament-shaped flaw in the glass element with a pulsed laser beam along a focus line; etching to remove glass in the filament-shaped flaw to form a wall extending from the first side face towards the second side face, the wall having a boundary line that is tapered at a vertex between the wall and the first side face with a taper angle with respect to a perpendicular of the first side face; and adjusting the taper angle by controlling a feature of the focus line. The feature is selected from a group consisting of a position of the focus line, a length of the focus line, an intensity distribution of the focus line, and any combinations thereof.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for at least section-wise separating a glass element into at least two glass sub-elements along a separation face and a glass sub-element which is manufactured and/or can be manufactured in particular by the method according to the disclosure.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for at least section-wise separating a glass element into at least two glass sub-elements along a separation face and a glass sub-element which is manufactured and/or can be manufactured in particular by the method according to the disclosure.

Abstract: A method for controlling an energy distribution introduced by at least one line focus of at least one laser beam in a substrate is performed by forming the line focus at least regionally in the substrate and influencing the laser beam with at least one phase mask to control the energy distribution in the substrate.

Abstract: A panel-shaped glass element is provided that includes vitreous material having a thermal expansion coefficient of less than 10×10-6 K-1 as well as two opposing surfaces. The glass element furthermore has at least one recess which runs through the glass of the glass element and has a recess wall which runs around the recess and adjoins the two opposing surfaces. The recess wall has a structure with a multiplicity of mutually adjacent rounded dome-shaped depressions. A roughness of the recess wall is formed by these depressions as well as the ridges enclosing the depressions. The recess wall has a mean roughness value (Ra) which is less than 5 µm.

Abstract: A waveguide is provided for transmitting electromagnetic waves, in particular for transmitting image information, from a proximal end to a distal end, along a transport direction running between the ends and a via a cross-section running transversely to the transport direction. The waveguide has a plurality of structural elements, wherein at least two different types of structural elements have a first type with a first refractive index and a second type with a second refractive index. Each of the structural dements extends along the transport direction and over a part of the cross-section of the waveguide such that a plurality of cross-sectional regions are defined in the cross-section of the waveguide, each cross-sectional region corresponding to the cross-section of an individual structural element.

Abstract: A method of structuring a glass element having a first side face and a second side face is provided. The method includes the steps of: producing a filament-shaped flaw in the glass element with a pulsed laser beam along a focus line; etching to remove glass in the filament-shaped flaw to form a wall extending from the first side face towards the second side face, the wall having a boundary line that is tapered at a vertex between the wall and the first side face with a taper angle with respect to a perpendicular of the first side face; and adjusting the taper angle by controlling a feature of the focus line. The feature is selected from a group consisting of a position of the focus line, a length of the focus line, an intensity distribution of the focus line, and any combinations thereof.

Abstract: A method for preparing and/or carrying out the structuring of a predetermined or predeterminable distinguished surface of a substrate body having a substrate material includes exposing the substrate material in at least one curved effective area to an electromagnetic field which in each of the at least one curved effective area causes a non-linear interaction between the electromagnetic field and the substrate material, and thus at least partially influencing the substrate material arranged in the curved effective area. After the structuring of the distinguished surface the distinguished surface has at least in certain areas at least one first curved progression which is at least partially determined and/or influenced by the curved shape of the at least one curved effective area. The nonlinear interaction causes at least one nonlinear absorption of the electromagnetic field in the substrate material.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for preparing and/or performing the separation of a substrate element into at least two substrate sub-elements along a separation face and a substrate sub-element which is manufactured and/or can be manufactured in particular by use of the method according to the disclosure.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for at least section-wise separating a glass element into at least two glass sub-elements along a separation face and a glass sub-element which is manufactured and/or can be manufactured in particular by the method according to the disclosure.