Abstract: Various aspects provide for a multistage fluidized bed reactor, particularly comprising a volatilization stage and a combustion stage. The gas phases above the bed solids in the respective stages are separated by a wall. An opening (e.g., in the wall) provides for transport of the bed solids from the volatilization stage to the combustion stage. Active control of the gas pressure in the two stages may be used to control residence time. Various aspects provide for a fuel stream processing system having a pretreatment reactor, a combustion reactor, and optionally a condensation reactor. The condensation reactor receives a volatiles stream volatilized by the volatilization reactor. The combustion reactor receives a char stream resulting from the removal of the volatiles by the volatilization reactor.

Abstract: A building product for application to the exterior of a building. The front face of the product utilizes a first fiber sheet partially embedded within a thermoset polymer coating resin. A foamed closed cell admixture composition core with an inorganic filler overlays the thermoset polymer coating resin with the embedded fiber sheet. The admixture composition infiltrates and bonds to the portion of the fiber sheet that is not embedded within the thermoset polymer coating resin mechanically bonding to the thermoset polymer coating. A second fiber sheet overlays the admixture core and the admixture and second fiber sheet form the rear surface of the building product that is mounted adjacent the building surface.

Abstract: A building product for application to the exterior of a building. The front face of the product utilizes a first fiber sheet partially embedded within a thermoset polymer coating resin. A foamed closed cell admixture composition core with an inorganic filler overlays the thermoset polymer coating resin with the embedded fiber sheet. The admixture composition infiltrates and bonds to the portion of the fiber sheet that is not embedded within the thermoset polymer coating resin mechanically bonding to the thermoset polymer coating. A second fiber sheet overlays the admixture core and the admixture and second fiber sheet form the rear surface of the building product that is mounted adjacent the building surface.

Abstract: A magazine configured to hold a plurality of projectiles is disclosed. The magazine can be used with a toy projectile launcher. A toy projectile launcher configured to launch a plurality of projectiles therefrom is also disclosed. The toy projectile launcher having: a housing; and a magazine movably secured to a housing of the toy projectile launcher, the magazine including a plurality of chambers, each of the chambers being configured to hold one of the plurality of the projectiles therein, the magazine having a surface that is engageable by the toy projectile launcher to align and to move the magazine relative to the housing.

Abstract: A magazine configured to hold a plurality of projectiles is disclosed. The magazine can be used with a toy projectile launcher. A toy projectile launcher configured to launch a plurality of projectiles therefrom is also disclosed. The toy projectile launcher having: a housing; and a magazine movably secured to a housing of the toy projectile launcher, the magazine including a plurality of chambers, each of the chambers being configured to hold one of the plurality of the projectiles therein, the magazine having a surface that is engageable by the toy projectile launcher to align and to move the magazine relative to the housing.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus and method for a frequency adaptive level shifter circuit. The frequency adaptive level shifter circuit includes a first inverter, a second inverter coupled to the output of the first inverter, a capacitor coupled to the output of the second inverter, and a resistor coupled to the output of the capacitor. The frequency adaptive level shifter circuit further includes a transistor coupled to the output of the resistor, wherein the transistor has a gate connected to a reference voltage, a third inverter coupled to the output of the capacitor, and a fourth inverter coupled to the output of the third inverter and the transistor and outputting the signal.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus and method for a frequency adaptive level shifter circuit. The frequency adaptive level shifter circuit includes a first inverter, a second inverter coupled to the output of the first inverter, a capacitor coupled to the output of the second inverter, and a resistor coupled to the output of the capacitor. The frequency adaptive level shifter circuit further includes a transistor coupled to the output of the resistor, wherein the transistor has a gate connected to a reference voltage, a third inverter coupled to the output of the capacitor, and a fourth inverter coupled to the output of the third inverter and the transistor and outputting the signal.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus and method for a frequency adaptive level shifter circuit. The frequency adaptive level shifter circuit includes a first inverter, a second inverter coupled to the output of the first inverter, a capacitor coupled to the output of the second inverter, and a resistor coupled to the output of the capacitor. The frequency adaptive level shifter circuit further includes a transistor coupled to the output of the resistor, wherein the transistor has a gate connected to a reference voltage, a third inverter coupled to the output of the capacitor, and a fourth inverter coupled to the output of the third inverter and the transistor and outputting the signal.

Abstract: Toy aircraft may include an airframe, a modular power system, first and second wheel supports, and first and second wheels. The modular power system may be configured for selective use with and selective removal from the airframe. The power system may include a propulsion unit operable to propel the toy aircraft and a power unit, which may include an energy source configured to supply energy to the propulsion unit. The airframe may include a fuselage, a propulsion unit mount, which may be disposed on the airframe and configured to removably retain the propulsion unit, and a power unit mount, which may be disposed on the fuselage and configured to removably retain the power unit. The first and second wheel supports may extend from the power unit mount toward respective first and second wheel mounts to which the first and second wheels may be rotatably mounted.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus and method for a frequency adaptive level shifter circuit. The frequency adaptive level shifter circuit includes a first inverter, a second inverter coupled to the output of the first inverter, a capacitor coupled to the output of the second inverter, and a resistor coupled to the output of the capacitor. The frequency adaptive level shifter circuit further includes a transistor coupled to the output of the resistor, wherein the transistor has a gate connected to a reference voltage, a third inverter coupled to the output of the capacitor, and a fourth inverter coupled to the output of the third inverter and the transistor and outputting the signal.

Abstract: Toy aircraft, modular toy aircraft, capacitor-based modular power systems, and toy aircraft kits are disclosed. Toy aircraft may include a self-contained power system and an airframe. The self-contained power system may include at least one propulsion unit operable to propel the toy aircraft and a power unit. The power unit may include a capacitor that is electrically connected to the at least one propulsion unit. The capacitor may be configured to provide power to the at least one propulsion unit to propel the toy aircraft. The airframe may include a wing, a first mount configured to removably retain the at least one propulsion unit, and a second mount configured to removably retain the power unit.

Abstract: Toy aircraft may include an airframe, a modular power system, first and second wheel supports, and first and second wheels. The modular power system may be configured for selective use with and selective removal from the airframe. The power system may include a propulsion unit operable to propel the toy aircraft and a power unit, which may include an energy source configured to supply energy to the propulsion unit. The airframe may include a fuselage, a propulsion unit mount, which may be disposed on the airframe and configured to removably retain the propulsion unit, and a power unit mount, which may be disposed on the fuselage and configured to removably retain the power unit. The first and second wheel supports may extend from the power unit mount toward respective first and second wheel mounts to which the first and second wheels may be rotatably mounted.

Abstract: Toy aircraft may include an airframe, a modular power system, first and second wheel supports, and first and second wheels. The modular power system may be configured for selective use with and selective removal from the airframe. The power system may include a propulsion unit operable to propel the toy aircraft and a power unit, which may include an energy source configured to supply energy to the propulsion unit. The airframe may include a fuselage, a propulsion unit mount, which may be disposed on the airframe and configured to removably retain the propulsion unit, and a power unit mount, which may be disposed on the fuselage and configured to removably retain the power unit. The first and second wheel supports may extend from the power unit mount toward respective first and second wheel mounts to which the first and second wheels may be rotatably mounted.

Abstract: Toy aircraft, modular toy aircraft, modular power systems, and toy aircraft kits are disclosed. Toy aircraft may include a self-contained power and control system and an airframe. The self-contained power and control system may include at least one propulsion unit operable to propel the toy aircraft and a power and control unit. The power and control unit may include at least one energy source, be electrically connected to the at least one propulsion unit, and be configured to control operation of the at least one propulsion unit to control flight of the toy aircraft. The airframe may include a wing, a first mount configured to removably retain the at least one propulsion unit, and a second mount configured to removably retain the power and control unit.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a self-correcting state circuit. A first flip flop is configured to receive a clock input and a first data input, and to generate a first output in response to the clock input and the first data input. A second flip flop is coupled to the first flip flop and configured to receive the clock input and to receive the first output as a second data input, and to generate a second output in response to the clock input and the first output. A first correction circuit is coupled to the second flip flop and configured to generate a corrected output. A third flip flop is coupled to the first correction circuit and configured to receive the clock input and to receive the corrected output as a third data input, and to generate a third output in response to the clock input and the third data input.

Abstract: A method and enhanced phase-locked loop (PLL) circuit enable effective testing of the PLL. A phase frequency detector generates a differential signal, receiving a reference signal and a feedback signal of an output signal of the PLL circuit. A charge pump is coupled to the phase frequency detector receiving the differential signal. The charge pump applies either negative or positive charge pulses to a low-pass filter, which generates a tuning voltage input applied to a voltage controlled oscillator. A first divider is coupled to the voltage controlled oscillator receives and divides down the VCO output signal, providing the output signal of the PLL circuit. A second divider receives the output signal of the PLL circuit and provides the feedback signal to the phase frequency detector. The output signal of PLL circuit is applied to a clock distribution.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a self-correcting state circuit. A first flip flop is configured to receive a clock input and a first data input, and to generate a first output in response to the clock input and the first data input. A second flip flop is coupled to the first flip flop and configured to receive the clock input and to receive the first output as a second data input, and to generate a second output in response to the clock input and the first output. A first correction circuit is coupled to the second flip flop and configured to generate a corrected output. A third flip flop is coupled to the first correction circuit and configured to receive the clock input and to receive the corrected output as a third data input, and to generate a third output in response to the clock input and the third data input.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a self-correcting state circuit. A first flip flop is configured to receive a clock input and a first data input, and to generate a first output in response to the clock input and the first data input. A second flip flop is coupled to the first flip flop and configured to receive the clock input and to receive the first output as a second data input, and to generate a second output in response to the clock input and the first output. A first correction circuit is coupled to the second flip flop and configured to generate a corrected output. A third flip flop is coupled to the first correction circuit and configured to receive the clock input and to receive the corrected output as a third data input, and to generate a third output in response to the clock input and the third data input.

Abstract: Toy aircraft may include an airframe, a modular power system, first and second wheel supports, and first and second wheels. The modular power system may be configured for selective use with and selective removal from the airframe. The power system may include a propulsion unit operable to propel the toy aircraft and a power unit, which may include an energy source configured to supply energy to the propulsion unit. The airframe may include a fuselage, a propulsion unit mount, which may be disposed on the airframe and configured to removably retain the propulsion unit, and a power unit mount, which may be disposed on the fuselage and configured to removably retain the power unit. The first and second wheel supports may extend from the power unit mount toward respective first and second wheel mounts to which the first and second wheels may be rotatably mounted.

Abstract: A method and enhanced phase-locked loop (PLL) circuit enable effective testing of the PLL, and a design structure on which the subject circuit resides is provided. A phase frequency detector generates a differential signal, receiving a reference signal and a feedback signal of an output signal of the PLL circuit. A charge pump is coupled to the phase frequency detector receiving the differential signal. The charge pump applies either negative or positive charge pulses to a low-pass filter, which generates a tuning voltage input applied to a voltage controlled oscillator. A first divider is coupled to the voltage controlled oscillator receives and divides down the VCO output signal, providing the output signal of the PLL circuit. A second divider receives the output signal of the PLL circuit and provides the feedback signal to the phase frequency detector. The output signal of PLL circuit is applied to a clock distribution.