Abstract: A carbonaceous feed pyrolysis apparatus is provided including two or more hot particle fluidized beds, and one or more positive displacement apparatus for the transfer of hot particles between two or more of the beds, wherein one or more of the fluidized beds contains a combustion zone. A bio-oil production process is also provided, including pyrolysis of a carbonaceous bio-mass using two or more fluidized beds, including a first combustion zone carried out in one or more combustion fluidized beds in which a particulate material is fluidized and heated, and a second pyrolysis zone carried out in one or more pyrolysis fluidized beds in which the hot particles heated in the combustion zone are used for pyrolysis of the bio-mass.

Abstract: A method, system and apparatus for blending overlapping images are provided. Image areas mapped to a common image space that includes a blend region: fixed image values are assigned to areas outside the blend region. Pixels from the blend region are iteratively sampled in the common image space, and for each respective sampled pixel corresponding to the sampled pixel in a respective image area: a value of the respective sampled pixel is changed to an average of neighbouring pixel values in the respective image area; and, when each respective sampled pixel in each of the at least two image spaces is changed to the average of the neighbouring pixels, each averaged respective sampled pixel value is normalize to a blended value, wherein iterations are repeated until a convergence criteria is met. One or more blend masks is output, each comprising at least normalized blended pixel values in the blend region.

Abstract: A carbonaceous feed pyrolysis apparatus is provided including two or more hot particle fluidised beds, and one or more positive displacement apparatus for the transfer of hot particles between two or more of the beds, wherein one or more of the fluidised beds contains a combustion zone. A bio-oil production process is also provided, including pyrolysis of a carbonaceous bio-mass using two or more fluidized beds, including a first combustion zone carried out in one or more combustion fluidized beds in which a particulate material is fluidized and heated, and a second pyrolysis zone carried out in one or more pyrolysis fluidized beds in which the hot particles heated in the combustion zone are used for pyrolysis of the bio-mass.

Abstract: A method, system and apparatus, for blending overlapping images are provided. Image areas mapped to a common image space that includes a blend region: fixed image values are assigned to areas outside the blend region. Pixels from the blend region are iteratively sampled in the common image space, and for each respective sampled pixel corresponding to the sampled pixel in a respective image area: a value of the respective sampled pixel is changed to an average of neighbouring pixel values in the respective image area; and, when each respective sampled pixel in each of the at least two image spaces is changed to the average of the neighbouring pixels, each averaged respective sampled pixel value is normalize to a blended value, wherein iterations are repeated until a convergence criteria is met. One or more blend masks is output, each comprising at least normalized blended pixel values in the blend region.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for improving stability of biodiesel fuel. The methods comprise adding to said biodiesel fuel, an effective amount of a combined treatment that includes a (I) hindered phenol and (II) a Mannich reaction product. The compositions comprise I and II dissolved or dispersed in an organic solvent.