Abstract: A decontamination method for subsurface aquifers having per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) contaminants by injecting gas through a screened well or open tube through a porous media to form buoyant material where the PFAS contaminants accumulate on and/or in the buoyant material and rise to the water table or top of the aquifer with PFAS that desorbs from the buoyant material and concentrates in the shallow groundwater, and extracting or sequestering the groundwater near the water table or top of the confined aquifer and/or collecting the buoyant material for treatment. The method may include treatment of aquifer material consisting of gravel, sand, silt, clay, or fractured geologic media, or combination, and extraction through phytoremediation, groundwater extraction wells, wellpoint systems, or groundwater extraction trenches and include a seal and/or check valve near the water table in the trench to selectively permit water and buoyant material to flow upward.

Abstract: A system, device, and method quantitatively measure average concentrations of target constituents (e.g., volatile organic compounds (VOCs)) in an ambient fluid (e.g., groundwater, surface water, air, etc.) over an extended period of time. The system uses a passive device having an outer equilibration chamber and an inner kinetic sampler. The device is placed in an ambient fluid for a specified period of time, wherein the target constituent(s) rapidly diffuse through a high-permeability membrane into the fluid-filled equilibration chamber. From there, the target constituents are taken up by an uptake rate the kinetic sampler that is configured to be less than an equilibration rate of the equilibration chamber.

Abstract: A system, device, and method quantitatively measure average concentrations of target constituents (e.g., volatile organic compounds (VOCs)) in an ambient fluid (e.g., groundwater, surface water, air, etc.) over an extended period of time. The system uses a passive device having an outer equilibration chamber and an inner kinetic sampler. The device is placed in an ambient fluid for a specified period of time, wherein the target constituent(s) rapidly diffuse through a high-permeability membrane into the fluid-filled equilibration chamber. From there, the target constituents are taken up by an uptake rate the kinetic sampler that is configured to be less than an equilibration rate of the equilibration chamber.