Abstract: A pad for treating a perineal area of a woman before or after childbirth includes a foam layer and a substance integrated with the foam layer. The foam layer is flexible, so that it can conform to the perineal area of the woman. The pad may optionally include a skin contact layer made of an impermeable material. The foam layer and/or the optional skin contact layer may include openings, such as perforations or slits. A method of using the pad may involve placing the pad in the perineal area before or after childbirth. The pad may be frozen, cooled or heated before use, in different embodiments.

Abstract: An analgesic formulation for relief of postpartum perineal pain and discomfort is disclosed. The formulation generally includes an analgesic compound in a solution with herbal ingredients. The formulation has been optimized to provide a stable solution, free from precipitation. A method for treating a perineal area of a woman after giving birth can include: spraying a solution from a pump sprayer onto the perineal area, the solution comprising: a topical anesthetic; and at least one herbal ingredient.

Abstract: A pad for treating a perineal area of a woman before or after childbirth includes a foam layer and a substance integrated with the foam layer. The foam layer is flexible, so that it can conform to the perineal area of the woman. The pad may optionally include a skin contact layer made of an impermeable material. The foam layer and/or the optional skin contact layer may include openings, such as perforations or slits. A method of using the pad may involve placing the pad in the perineal area before or after childbirth. The pad may be frozen, cooled or heated before use, in different embodiments.

Abstract: Data streams are stored in a non-structured arrangement in which information is defined by references in data streams identifying data elements in related data streams. A first data stream is placed in a frozen state such that the information contained the data stream is unmodifiable, and a first data element is identified within the first data stream, the first data element containing the same information as a second data element within a second data stream. The first data element is removed from the first data stream and a reference to the second data element is inserted.

Abstract: A jig boring head, having a holder for holding a cutting bit, mounted to a spindle on a jig boring machine in a two-piece collar on the spindle, with the tool bit holder securely connected to the collar and slidably adjustable in a direction radial to the spindle, so that a simple, easily implemented method for radial cutting with a jig boring machine is realized.

Abstract: Methods and systems of mobile remittance that are network-agnostic and that allow transfer of funds across any network, regardless of whether these networks have funds transfer agreements with each other. In accordance with aspects of the present invention, the methods and systems of mobile remittance transactions are easy to use and secure, and ensure that the mobile remittance reaches the intended recipient, regardless of whether the recipient is in an urban or rural area.

Abstract: Data is stored in data streams of varying size over a network so that a particular data stream may be considered as being stored locally or remotely. A request is received to modify a first data stream, and a frozen condition to the effect that said first data stream is not modifiable is identified. A second data stream that comprises a reference to the first data stream is created, and the information contained in said second data stream is modified according to said request.

Abstract: Data is stored and data objects are indexed by an index having a tree configuration and the tree is traversed to identify the location of a data object. Data objects are analyzed to assess the extent to which a second data object is related to a first data object, and locations of related data objects within the tree are clustered so as to minimize tree traversal when accessing data objects considered to be related.

Abstract: Data is stored in streams of varying size, a plurality of data streams are linked by references to form an application file such that each data stream is a portion of an application file, and an operating system transfers said application file between storage and a client application. Data streams that are below a predetermined size are identified as data fragments, wherein a plurality of data fragments are written to storage in a data block. Each data fragment is analysed to determine whether it is related in content to a first set of data fragments or to a second set of data fragments, the first set of data fragments is placed in a first block and the second set of data fragments is placed in a second block.

Abstract: Data is stored in streams of varying size and an operating system transfers data between storage and a client application in the form of an application file. Instructions are received to write a stream of data to storage and the size of the stream of data is identified. The stream of data is written to storage as an operating system file if the identified size is larger than an upper threshold, in a first treated way if the identified size falls within a predetermined range, and in a second treated way if the identified size is smaller than a lower threshold.

Abstract: A caliper of a type used in measurements in which the invention comprises including offset measurement jaws deployed at an angle to the main plane of said caliper for measuring dimensions offset from the main plane of said caliper. Said caliper may also include means for measuring both internal dimensions and external dimensions, and may further include a readout, such as digital or analog readout means.

Abstract: Data streams are stored in a non-structured arrangement in which related data is defined by a reference in a first data stream identifying a data element in a second data stream. Instructions are received from a user to establish a virtual file system that provides a structure for a plurality of application files, wherein the information in each of the application files is contained in a plurality of data streams. The structure is defined by at least one hierarchical index, the nodes of said index being data streams. Instructions are received to write data to or read data from the virtual file system, and relevant data streams are modified to reflect instructed manipulations to data presented to a user via the virtual file system.

Abstract: A machine tool bit holder providing a stable connection between a machine and a tool bit being used to perform machining operations on a work piece. The holder for the tool bit is of simple construction and has a large contact area relative to a tool bit size and a holder size between the holder and the tool bit, and the holder is configured so that the tool bit can be easily mounted into and dismounted from the holder. The holder allows different shapes or configurations of tool bits, such as an angle between the holder and the tool bit, and tool bits that are substantially rectangular as well as substantially round in cross-section.

Abstract: A system is disclosed for the automatic detection of fraudulent activity on a transaction network, for which each transaction over the network has an associated identifier. In one embodiment, the system includes voice comparison means for comparing a first sampled voice of a user of a first transaction with a subsequently sampled voice of a user of a subsequent transaction having an identical identifier to that of the first transaction. Control means in the form of a voice-based fraud detection engine is provided for determining, from said comparison, a profile of user usage that is representative of a total number of different users of the associated identifier. In a preferred embodiment, the system also includes voice sampling means for sampling a voice of the user of the first transaction to generate a first voice sample.

Abstract: A method of managing input/output/access options and caller greetings within a SmartPhone (or similar) environment. The method is based on grouping Caller IDs (CIDs) of like community, activity, achievement, interests or functionality. These groups are assigned a Group ID code (GID) conferring specific rights to callers through GID-profiles and menu and scripting options that are capable of drawing upon a prescribed suite of variables linked to files, resident applications and peripherals. Rights are further augmented if the CID is associated with multiple GIDs or conferred individual rights. Unlinked CIDs are further scanned for matching prefix-based (area code) GIDs, thus presenting the possibility of individual (rather than governmental) control of Do Not Call (DNC) functionality.

Abstract: Data is stored and data objects are indexed by an index having a tree configuration and the tree is traversed to identify the location of a data object. Data objects are analysed to assess the extent to which a second data object is related to a first data object, and locations of related data objects within the tree are clustered so as to minimise tree traversal when accessing data objects considered to be related.

Abstract: Data is stored in streams of varying size, a plurality of data streams are linked by references to form an application file such that each data stream is a portion of an application file, and an operating system transfers said application file between storage and a client application. Data streams that are below a predetermined size are identified as data fragments, wherein a plurality of data fragments are written to storage in a data block. Each data fragment is analysed to determine whether it is related in content to a first set of data fragments or to a second set of data fragments, the first set of data fragments is placed in a first block and the second set of data fragments is placed in a second block.

Abstract: Data is stored in streams of varying size and an operating system transfers data between storage and a client application in the form of an application file. Instructions are received to write a stream of data to storage and the size of the stream of data is identified. The stream of data is written to storage as an operating system file if the identified size falls in a predetermined range, in a first treated way if the identified size is smaller than the predetermined range, and in a second treated way if the identified size is larger than the predetermined range.

Abstract: Data streams are stored in a non-structured arrangement in which information is defined by references in data streams identifying data elements in related data streams. A first data stream is placed in a frozen state such that the information contained the data stream is unmodifiable, and a first data element is identified within the first data stream, the first data element containing the same information as a second data element within a second data stream. The first data element is removed from the first data stream and a reference to the second data element is inserted.