Abstract: A bonding stress testing arrangement and a method of determining stress are provided. The bonding stress testing arrangement includes at least one bond pad; a sensor assembly comprising any one of a first sensor arrangement, a second sensor arrangement and a combination of the first sensor arrangement and the second sensor arrangement; wherein the first sensor arrangement is adapted to measure an average stress on a portion of a bonding area under the at least one bond pad, and the second sensor arrangement is adapted to determine stress distribution over a portion or an entire of the bonding area under the at least one bond pad.

Abstract: A bonding stress testing arrangement and a method of determining stress are provided. The bonding stress testing arrangement includes at least one bond pad; a sensor assembly comprising any one of a first sensor arrangement, a second sensor arrangement and a combination of the first sensor arrangement and the second sensor arrangement; wherein the first sensor arrangement is adapted to measure an average stress on a portion of a bonding area under the at least one bond pad, and the second sensor arrangement is adapted to determine stress distribution over a portion or an entire of the bonding area under the at least one bond pad.

Abstract: Disclosed are cosmetic treatment articles comprising: (1) a water-insoluble substrate; (2) a gel composition comprising: (a) a first gel forming composition comprising a water soluble polymeric gelling agent and (b) a second gel forming composition comprising a gel strengthening agent; and (3) preferably, a treatment composition comprising a rheology modifier. Further disclosed are cosmetic treatment articles comprising at least two different treatment compositions, each treatment composition being provided at one or more selected locations on the water insoluble substrate.

Abstract: Disclosed is a mask composition comprising: (1) a water insoluble substrate; and (2) a liquid composition comprising: (a) a skin tone changing agent selected from the group consisting of skin tone changing pigments, reflective particulate material, and mixtures thereof, wherein (the skin tone changing agent has a particle size of at least about 100 nm; (b) a water-soluble thickening agent which provides the liquid composition a viscosity of from about 1000 mPa·s to about 600,000 mPa·s; and (c) an aqueous carrier.

Abstract: An image enhancement technique for use, for example in infrared or photoemission microscopy, comprises obtaining an in-focus image of the sample and an out of focus image achieved by relative movement of the sample and the microscope, and subtracting the out of focus image from the in-focus image. As a result the low frequency components are subtracted out, together with the lens and focal plane array aberrations, providing an enhanced resultant image. Because of the high levels of magnification, only small movement is required to obtain the out of focus image, allowing an enhanced image to be obtained in real time.