Abstract: Processing methods for forming iridium-containing films at low temperatures are described. The methods comprise exposing a substrate to iridium hexafluoride and a reactant to form iridium metal or iridium silicide films. Methods for enhancing selectivity and tuning the silicon content of some films are also described.

Abstract: Systems for issuing authentication challenges based on fraud initiation requests are provided. The system may calculate a fraud risk level based on a fraud initiating request comprising identity-based data. In response to the fraud risk level indicating a risk of fraud, the system may determine an authentication challenge type. The system may cause a display on the client device of an authentication challenge and verify an authentication challenge response received from a client device.

Abstract: Systems for issuing authentication challenges based on fraud initiation requests are provided. The system may calculate a fraud risk level based on a fraud initiating request comprising identity-based data. In response to the fraud risk level indicating a risk of fraud, the system may generate an authentication challenge based on an authentication challenge type and an authentication challenge delivery channel. The system may transmit the authentication challenge and receive back an authentication challenge response. The system may verify the authentication challenge response and generate an authentication outcome based on the verification.

Abstract: Systems for issuing authentication challenges based on fraud initiation requests are provided. The system may calculate a fraud risk level based on a fraud initiating request comprising identity-based data. In response to the fraud risk level indicating a risk of fraud, the system may generate an authentication challenge based on an authentication challenge type and an authentication challenge delivery channel. The system may transmit the authentication challenge and receive back an authentication challenge response. The system may verify the authentication challenge response and generate an authentication outcome based on the verification.

Abstract: The xylene isomerization process unit and the transalkylation process units are combined in the present invention. A fractionation column can be shared by the two units, reducing the capital cost of the complex. In some embodiments, a split shell fractionation column and a split separator can be used.

Abstract: The xylene isomerization process unit and the transalkylation process units are combined in the present invention. A fractionation column can be shared by the two units, reducing the capital cost of the complex. In some embodiments, a split shell fractionation column and a split separator can be used.

Abstract: The xylene isomerization process unit and the transalkylation process units are combined in the present invention. A fractionation column can be shared by the two units, reducing the capital cost of the complex. In some embodiments, a split shell fractionation column and a split separator can be used.

Abstract: The xylene isomerization process unit and the transalkylation process units are combined in the present invention. A fractionation column can be shared by the two units, reducing the capital cost of the complex. In some embodiments, a split shell fractionation column and a split separator can be used.

Abstract: The xylene isomerization process unit and the transalkylation process units are combined in the present invention. A fractionation column can be shared by the two units, reducing the capital cost of the complex. In some embodiments, a split shell fractionation column and a split separator can be used.

Abstract: Meta-xylene is recovered from admixture with other C8 aromatic hydrocarbons including ortho-xylene by liquid phase adsorptive separation. Performance is improved by reducing the concentration of ortho-xylene through adding a sidecut to a prefractionator preparing the feedstock to adsorptive separation.

Abstract: Meta-xylene is recovered from admixture with other C8 aromatic hydrocarbons including ortho-xylene by liquid phase adsorptive separation. Performance is improved by reducing the concentration of ortho-xylene through adding a sidecut to a prefractionator preparing the feedstock to adsorptive separation.

Abstract: The audio input port and output port of a consumer grade display device is used to detect the status of that device. Status information that can be detected includes whether the display is on or off and whether the display is connected to a designated input source.

Abstract: In a process for the production of tertiary ethers by the reaction of an alcohol and isoalkene, a sidecut stream is selected from the etherification separation zone and recycled back to the etherification reaction zone. When this sidecut stream is characterized by an isoalkene to tertiary ether molar concentration ratio that is greater than the isoalkene to tertiary ether molar concentration ratio of the etherification reaction effluent (which is normally at equilibrium conditions), the conversion of isoalkene to tertiary ether is increased.