Abstract: An electrophoresis chamber having the separation capability of a thicker chamber by the addition of a number of ports along the length of the chamber that can act as inlets or outlets. The device introduces cross flow by either a plurality of input and output ports along opposite walls of the chamber or by a tapered chamber having a plurality of output ports. Since the mobility of the particles is lateral to the direction of flow and the cross flow velocity is opposite in direction and greater than the maximum electrophoretic velocity of the particles being separated such particles are carried to the wall of a narrow linear chamber and will pass through ports provided in the wall spaced at strategic distances along the wall separation is achieved. In addition, because the sample and the outlet electrode surface are of like sign there is no deposition of the sample on the electrode surface.

Abstract: The unique construction of this Continuous Flow Electrophoresis Apparatus eliminates the need for ion permeable membranes between the electrode chambers at the sides of the separation chamber and the separation chamber itself. By carefully controlling the relative geometries of the electrode chambers and the separation chamber, a membrane-less electrophoresis separation may be conducted without the problems attendant to these chambers which utilize ion permeable membranes.

Abstract: This free flow electrophoresis separation apparatus includes means for controlling the buffer flow across the separation chamber. This is useful in controlling crescent distortion of the sample streams as well as minimizing undesired pressure differentials within the apparatus. The electrophoresis separation apparatus is constructed such that two buffer flow paths are provided. The first flow path connects the outlet of the first electrode chamber with the inlet of the second inlet chamber, and the second flow path connects the outlet of the second electrode chamber with the inlet of the first electrode chamber. Each flow path is driven by separate pump means.

Abstract: Crescent distortion of output samples collected during a continuous free flow electrophoresis separation process is reduced by providing means with the electrophoresis chamber whereby lateral flow across the chamber may be controllably varied to introduce beneficial hydrodynamic compensation effects to minimize distortion of the sample streams within the electrophoresis chamber.

Abstract: A continuous free-flow electrophoresis chamber construction is provided which includes a coolant chamber employing coolant flow in a direction that traverses the flow of buffer carried in a buffer chamber. The construction further employs large area membranes separating first and second electrodes from the buffer flow chamber. The coolant flow chamber communicates with the buffer flow chamber along the membranes.

Abstract: Crescent distortion of output samples collected during a continuous free flow electrophoresis separation process is reduced by providing means with the electrophoresis chamber whereby lateral flow across the chamber may be controllably varied to introduce beneficial hydrodynamic compensation effects to minimize distortion of the sample streams within the electrophoresis chamber.