Abstract: Cationic peroxyacids of formula (IV) wherein: R1 is a, optionally substituted, C1-C7 alkyl or alkenyl or alkaryl with a C1-C7 alkyl group; R2 and R3 are each independently a C1-C3 alkyl or C1-C3 substituted alkyl group; n is an integer from 0 to 3; and X− is a surfactant anion selected from alkyl carboxylates; alkyl ether sulphates; alkylbenzene sulphonates; C12-15 primary and C14-18 secondary alkyl sulphates; olefin sulphonates; alkane sulphonates; dialkyl sulphosuccinates; fatty acid ester sulphonates; alkylether sulphonates, alkylether carboxylates, sulphonated alkyl polyglycosides; sulphonated alkanoyl glucose ethers, sulphonated monoglycerol ethers; secondary alkane sulphonates; esterified isethionates; alkyl and dialkyl phosphates; sodium fatty acid sulphonates; and fatty acid soaps. They can be used in bleaching and detergent compositions and in bleach additive products.

Abstract: Cationic peroxyacid are provided having formula (I): ##STR1## wherein: R.sub.1 is an optionally substituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.24 alkyl or alkenyl or alkylaryl with a C.sub.1 -C.sub.24 alkyl group;R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are each independently a C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 substituted alkyl group;R.sub.4 and R.sub.6 are each independently aryl or (CH.sub.2).sub.n where n is an integer from 1 to 7;R.sub.5 is selected from hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.7 alkyl, or arylsubstituted with a C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 alkyl; andX.sup.- is a counter anion.These cationic peroxyacids show good bleaching activity over a wide range of pH conditions.

Abstract: Bleaching compositions comprising peroxy acid bleach precursors preferably based on acetylated pentose, hexose or lactose.

Abstract: Novel cationic nitriles, methods of preparing such nitriles and use thereof as cationic peroxyacid bleach precursor in bleaching (detergent) compositions are disclosed.The novel cationic nitriles are non-hygroscopic and are characterized in that they have a counter-anion X.sup.- selected from the group consisting of 1) R-SO.sub.3.sup.-, 2) R-SO.sub.4.sup.-, 3) R-CO.sub.2.sup.-, wherein R is a straight or branched chain, optionally substituted, alkyl, alkylether or alkylene group containing 4 to 20 carbon atoms, or a phenyl or alkyl phenyl group containing 6 to 20 carbon atoms, and 4) any other surfactant anion not falling under the groups 1), 2) and 3).

Abstract: Cationic peroxycarboxylic acids having the general formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are each independently a C.sub.1 -C.sub.7 alkyl group or C.sub.1 -C.sub.7 substituted alkyl group, n is an integer of from 2 to 10 and X is a counter anion. The peroxycarboxylic acids may be used in bleaching and detergent compositions.

Abstract: Bleaching compositions are disclosed comprising a peroxide bleaching agent and a novel cationic peroxyacid bleach precursor having at least one of the following groups (A) and (B) : ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each individually H, or a substituent group containing at least one carbon atom, provided that R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are not both H.The novel bleach precursor of the cationic nitrile type shows no tendency to deliquesce under normal atmospheric conditions.

Abstract: Bleaching and detergent compositions are disclosed which upon dissolution in aqueous medium provide a mixture of hydrophobic and cationic peroxyacids. The compositions which are highly effective at removing a wide range of stain types with better background whiteness at bleach solution temperatures of 40.degree. C. and less, comprise a peroxide bleach compound, a hydrophobic peroxyacid (bleach precursor) and a cationic or amphoteric peroxyacid (bleach precursor).

Abstract: An improved alkaline enzymatic fabric-washing composition is disclosed comprising a surface-active material, detergency builders, an enzyme, a peroxide compound bleach and a peroxyacid bleach precursor of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is an unsubstituted alkyl group containing 1 to 9 carbon atoms or a phenyl group; and M is hydrogen, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium or alkyl or hydroxyalkyl substituted ammonium cation. The composition is effective for washing fabrics at the low temperature region of 40.degree. C. and below.

Abstract: A quaternary ammonium-substituted peroxycarboxylic acid bleach precursor, its quaternary ammonium peroxycarboxylic acid derivative, and bleaching-detergent compositions containing these materials are disclosed herein. The bleach precursor structurally comprises a quaternized ammonium group linked to a carboxyl moiety having a leaving group via an aromatic or heterocyclic bridging group which, upon perhydrolysis in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, generates a highly effective, quaternary ammonium-substituted aromatic or heterocyclic peroxycarboxylic acid bleach.

Abstract: A process for preparing sulphonated aromatic esters of the group consisting of substituted or unsubstituted sulphonato-phenyl carboxylates and sulphonato-phenyl carbonates is disclosed, comprising the steps of:(1) preparing the unsulphonated aromatic ester;(2) sulphonating said unsulphonated aromatic ester; and(3) neutralizing the acid-sulphonated aromatic ester in a non-aqueous organic solvent with an alkali metal, earth alkali metal or ammonium carboxylate in an amount in excess over the amount needed to neutralize the sulphonic acid group(s) and any free or complexed SO.sub.3 present in the product mixture from the sulphonation reaction.Preferred neutralizing agent is sodium acetate; preferred solvents are acetic acid or glyme and diglyme.

Abstract: A process for bleaching an oil or fat is disclosed wherein a polar bleaching agent is employed in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst.