Abstract: A low pass filter for use in an image band pass filter of a photoelectron spectromicroscope incorporating a virtual potential surface for reflecting electrons below a particular energy and a special charged particle trap or super dump for unwanted electrons. The filter construction with the super dump reduces the proportion of elastically and inelastically scattered high energy electron escaping the filter.

Abstract: A concrete forming system is provided which incorporates a pair of wall panels arranged in a predetermined upright spaced relation and a skeletal grid assembly disposed between the wall panels and retaining same in predetermined upright spaced relation while concrete is being poured between the wall panels. The grid assembly is provided with a plurality of first rods arranged in spaced relation and spanning the distance between the wall panels. The ends of each first rod are disposed within preformed holes formed in the wall panels. Each rod end has a portion thereof disposed adjacent an exterior surface of a wall panel. A plurality of second rods are disposed between the wall panels and engage interior surfaces of the wall panels. The second rods interconnect with the first rods.

Abstract: A collapsible forming system for hardenable material is provided which includes at least one form unit having a pair of wall panels adjustable between operative and inoperative modes. The wall panels, when in either mode, are interconnected by a grid assembly. When the wall panels are in an operative mode, they are disposed in an upright spaced relation, and when in an inoperative mode, the wall panels are disposed in a proximate face to face relation. The grid assembly includes a first section which is disposed intermediate the panels and spans the distance therebetween when the panels are in an operative mode. The grid assembly also includes a pair of second sections which are disposed adjacent exterior surfaces of said wall panels when the latter are in either mode.

Abstract: A device for providing an energy filtered charged particle image particularly an electron image in the form of an electron energy analyzer which acts as a band-pass filter whilst maintaining the spatial integrity of the electron image in a uniform magnetic field. It embodies new electron optical properties wherein image electrons injected parallel to the magnetic field are guided, using crossed electrostatic and magnetic fields, to a low-pass electron mirror and then through a high-pass retardation filter. Non-uniform electrostatic deflection fields are used to compensate for the energy-dependent dispersion of the crossed fields whereby it is possible to correct for image distortion resulting from such dispersion.

Abstract: An X-ray source apparatus contains an X-ray target which emits X-ray when bombarded with electrons from an electron source. A strong magnetic field, e.g. from a superconducting solenoid, having curved lines of magnetic flux interlinks the target and electron source. The magnetic field has sufficient strength over the entire electron path of travel to constrain the electrons emitted from the source with components at angles to the magnetic field to execute helical paths about the field lines to the target. An aperture means is positioned to block the straight line paths between the source and the target but permits the passage of substantially all electrons traveling along the lines of flux.

Abstract: An emission-electron microscope comprises an evacuated chamber with a superconducting magnet at one end generating a region of very high field strength. In this region a specimen is mounted and the surface of the specimen is irradiated with photons, typically x-ray or hard ultra-violet, from a source. As a result the specimen emits photo-electrons. The magnetic field is axially symmetrical along the length of the chamber and emitted electrons spiral about the lines of force traveling down the chamber into a region of lower magnetic field controlled by electro-magnet coils. Transverse kinetic energy of the electrons is converted into energy along the lines of force of the magnetic field and the divergence of the magnetic field lines causes electrons to produce on a detector an expanded electron image indicative of the distribution of electron flux across the surface region of the specimen.

Abstract: An improved method and apparatus for reducing NO.sub.x emissions to the atmosphere from stationary combustion sources. The improvement is accomplished by providing a plurality of zones and/or stages for injecting a suitable reducing gas and then injecting the reducing gas through one or more of said zones. The particular zone or zones actually used will be determined by temperature of the combustion effluent gas in the immediate vicinity thereof. Similarly, the exact composition of the reducing gas employed will be determined by the same temperature.