Abstract: The present invention provides a commode comprising: a frame, a seat-shell that rests on the frame, and a pan cover wherein in use a disposable pan rests on the seat shell. Commodes of the invention have one or more of the following features: they are portable, robust, easy and quick to clean, are simple and easy to manufacture and store. They have relatively few parts to assist in manufacture, repair, and cleaning. They are easy and comfortable to use and, as far as possible, preserve the users' dignity.