Abstract: The processing of PFAS to convert them into safer substances comprises introducing gaseous or vapour phase PFAS into a treatment zone where microwave radiation of predetermined frequency and power level creates a plasma which at least partially dissociates the PFAS. There is also a system for remediating particulate solids, particularly soil, contaminated with PFAS, the method including directing microwave radiation to a body of particulate solids in the closed vessel so as to promote vaporization of PFAS which are then treated by exposure to the microwave produced plasma. Continuous and batch processing apparatus are disclosed. A preheating stage can dry the particulate solids to a pre-determined moisture content, and then a higher energy microwave heating promotes vaporization of PFAS. A partial vacuum created where particulate solids heated by the microwave radiation are yielding up PFAS promotes the vaporization of PFAS.

Abstract: An animal stunning apparatus for inducing unconsciousness and insensibility of a live subject animal includes an applicator for contacting an application point on the live subject animal's head and couples microwave radiation to the head. A microwave generator generates microwave energy of a suitable power level and frequency, and a waveguide directs the microwave radiation to the applicator. An auto-tuner in the waveguide uses a directional coupler to detect forward and reflected power and to tune in real time the impedance for matching the load and optimize effective power transfer. A switch discontinues the application of microwave radiation that is heating the frontal portion of the brain after a period of time sufficient to induce the unconsciousness and insensibility. Methods for inducing rapid unconsciousness and insensibility in an animal include application of microwave radiation.

Abstract: An animal stunning apparatus for inducing unconsciousness and insensibility of a live subject animal includes an applicator for contacting an application point on the live subject animal's head and couples microwave radiation to the head. A microwave generator generates microwave energy of a suitable power level and frequency, and a waveguide directs the microwave radiation to the applicator. An auto-tuner in the waveguide uses a directional coupler to detect forward and reflected power and to tune in real time the impedance for matching the load and optimize effective power transfer. A switch discontinues the application of microwave radiation that is heating the frontal portion of the brain after a period of time sufficient to induce the unconsciousness and insensibility. Methods for inducing rapid unconsciousness and insensibility in an animal include application of microwave radiation.

Abstract: Disclosed are an animal stunning apparatus and method for inducing rapid unconsciousness and insensibility. The apparatus includes a stunning station wherein a live animal is confined and an applicator contacts an application point on the animal's head overlying a frontal portion of the brain and couples microwave radiation to the head. A microwave generator generates microwave energy of suitable power and frequency, and a waveguide directs microwave radiation to the applicator. An auto-tuner in the waveguide uses a directional coupler to detect forward and reflected power and to tune in real time the impedance for matching the load and optimizing effective power transfer. A switch discontinues the application of microwave radiation heating of the frontal portion induce unconsciousness and insensibility. The period may be sufficient only to rapidly induce insensibility, and insufficient for the insensibility induced to be irreversible, or cause significant heating of deeper brain tissues.

Abstract: Disclosed are an animal stunning apparatus and method for inducing rapid unconsciousness and insensibility. The apparatus includes a stunning station wherein a live animal is confined and an applicator contacts an application point on the animal's head overlying a frontal portion of the brain and couples microwave radiation to the head. A microwave generator generates microwave energy of suitable power and frequency, and a waveguide directs microwave radiation to the applicator. An auto-tuner in the waveguide uses a directional coupler to detect forward and reflected power and to tune in real time the impedance for matching the load and optimizing effective power transfer. A switch discontinues the application of microwave radiation heating of the frontal portion to induce unconsciousness and insensibility. The period may be sufficient only to rapidly induce insensibility, and insufficient for the insensibility induced to be irreversible, or cause significant heating of deeper brain tissues.

Abstract: Described are animal stunning apparatus and methods for inducing rapid unconsciousness and insensibility. The apparatus includes a stunning station in which a live subject animal is located in a confined position and an applicator contacts an application point on the live subject animal's head immediately overlying a frontal portion of the animal's brain and couples microwave radiation to the head. A microwave generator generates microwave energy of a suitable power level and frequency, and a waveguide directs the microwave radiation to the applicator. A switch discontinues the application of microwave radiation effecting heating of the frontal portion of the brain after a period of time sufficient to have raised the temperature of the frontal portion of the brain of the subject animal to thereby induce the unconsciousness and insensibility.

Abstract: Described are animal stunning apparatus and methods for inducing rapid unconsciousness and insensibility. The apparatus includes a stunning station in which a live subject animal is located in a confined position and an applicator contacts an application point on the live subject animal's head immediately overlying a frontal portion of the animal's brain and couples microwave radiation to the head. A microwave generator generates microwave energy of a suitable power level and frequency, and a waveguide directs the microwave radiation to the applicator. A switch discontinues the application of microwave radiation effecting heating of the frontal portion of the brain after a period of time sufficient to have raised the temperature of the frontal portion of the brain of the subject animal to thereby induce the unconsciousness and insensibility.