Abstract: The invention relates to processes for treating acidic crudes or fractions thereof to reduce or eliminate their acidity and corrosivity by addition of suitable amounts of Group IA or Group IIA oxides, hydroxides and hydrates and Group IIA metal naphthenate salts. The process has the additional benefits of reducing materials handling problems associated with treating acidic crude oils using liquid solvents and in reducing emulsion formation.

Abstract: Hydrocarbonaceous contaminants are bioremediated using corn material, such as corn waste and corn oil. The hydrocarbonaceous contaminant is contacted with the corn material in the presence of nutrients and bacteria effective for bioremediation. The contaminant is typically on a solid substrate, admixed with particulate solids or on water. Corn oil is typically applied to large area spills on water, beaches, solid and rocky ground and the like by spraying, while solid corn material is typically used for all other applications and mixed in with the contaminant.

Abstract: The invention is a method for forming a solid carbonaceous material into a pumpable fluid by combining the solid with an aqueous treatment solution and then subjecting the mixture to shearing forces. The solid carbonaceous material can be deasphalter unit rock (“DAU rock”), coke, and mixtures of DAU rock and coke. Aqueous treatment solutions contain a water soluble polymer.

Abstract: The invention relates to processes for treating acidic crudes or fractions thereof to reduce or eliminate their acidity by addition of effective amounts of crosslinked polymeric amines having a pKa of greater than 9 such as polyvinyl amine and anionic exchange resins having amino groups. The process has utility for crude processing.

Abstract: The present invention is a process for decreasing the acidity of a starting acidic crude oil by contacting an acidic crude with an effective excess of ammonia dissolved in said crude to form an ammonia-continuous oil discontinuous phase at a temperature and conditions sufficient to form the corresponding amide of the naphthenic acids. The process is useful in the processing of acidic crudes.

Abstract: The invention is a method for forming a solid carbonaceous material into a pumpable fluid by combining the solid with an aqueous treatment solution and then subjecting the mixture to shearing forces. The solid carbonaceous material can be deasphalter unit rock (“DAU rock”), coke, and mixtures of DAU rock and coke. Aqueous treatment solutions contain a water soluble polymer.

Abstract: The invention is a system and a method for bioremediating hydrocarbon-contaminated groundwater. The method comprises contacting the hydrocarbon-contaminated groundwater with a source of microbial nutrients and then aerating the nutriated water with air or oxygen, the aeration being conducted under substantially bubble-free conditions.

Abstract: The invention is a method for forming a solid carbonaceous material into a pumpable fluid by combining the solid with an aqueous treatment solution and then subjecting the mixture to shearing forces. The solid carbonaceous material can be deasphalter unit rock (“DAU rock”), coke, and mixtures of DAU rock and coke. Aqueous treatment solutions contain a water soluble polymer.

Abstract: The present invention is a process to remove a +2 ionic charged, organically bound metal from a petroleum feed. The process includes contacting feed with aqueous carbon dioxide in the essential absence for emulsion formation.

Abstract: The invention relates to processes for treating acidic crudes or fractions thereof to reduce or eliminate their acidity by addition of effective amounts of crosslinked polymeric amines. The process has utility for crude processing.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for treating naphthenic acid containing whole crudes or fraction thereof to reduce or eliminate their acidity by contacting the acidic whole crude or fractions thereof at a suitable temperature typically of less than 200.degree. C. with a neutralizing amount typically from 0.25:1 up to 10:1 of overbased detergent. The process has the additional benefits of reducing materials handling problems associated with emulsion formation in treated crudes.

Abstract: The present invention describes a process for decreasing the acidity of a starting calcium containing, non-acid treated acidic crude oil by adding such an acidic crude oil to an effective amount of an aqueous base solution at conditions of pH and temperature sufficient to form an unstable emulsion of the acidic crude oil in the aqueous base solution; and breaking the emulsion to form a phase containing treated crude oil having a decreased acidity and aqueous phase residual containing base and neutralized acids. The invention has utility in crude oil processing.

Abstract: The invention relates to processes for treating acidic crudes of fractions thereof to reduce or eliminate their acidity and corrosivity by addition of suitable amounts of Group IA of Group IIA oxides, hydroxides and hydrates. The process has the additional benefits of reducing materials handling problems associated with treating acidic crude oils using liquid solvents and in reducing emulsion formation.

Abstract: The instant invention is directed to a process for extracting organic acids including naphthenic acids, heavy metals, and sulfur from a starting crude oil comprising the steps of:(a) treating the starting crude oil containing organic acids, heavy metals, and sulfur with an amount of an ethoxylated amine and water under conditions and for a time and at a temperature sufficient to form a water-in-oil emulsion of amine salt wherein said ethoxylated amine has the following formula: ##STR1## where m=1 to 10 and R=C.sub.3 to C.sub.6 hydrocarbon; (b) separating said emulsion of step (a) into a plurality of layers, wherein one of such layers contains a treated crude oil having decreased amounts of organic acids, heavy metals and sulfur;(c) recovering said layer of step (b) containing said treated crude oil having decreased amounts of organic acids, heavy metal and sulfur and layers containing water and ethoxylated amine salt.

Abstract: A bioremediation process is provided comprising adding cedar pieces to a hydrocarbon contaminated soil in an amount ranging from about 5 to about 15 wt. % based on the weight of the contaminated soil and applying sufficient nitrogen and phosphorous nutrients to the soil to provide a C:N:P ratio in the range of about 100:10:1 to about 100:1:0:1.