Abstract: The invention is directed to systems, apparatus and methods for demulsifying an emulsion, and generating plasma enhanced treatment fluids, with at least one plasma reactor to produce plasma in reaction with the emulsion to cause flocculation and coalescence in the emulsion for phase separation of the constituents and chemical reaction with reactor fluids. After separation, the separated constituents in the emulsion are removed from the reaction chamber for processing of further emulsion. Plasma enhanced treatment fluids are removed from the reaction chamber and used in further processes. According to an example, the emulsion may be a crude oil emulsion with the separated crude oil produced for further processing or sale. The systems, apparatus and methods also produce plasma enhanced treatment fluids that may be reused in other oil recovery processes for example.

Abstract: A method of making an engineering ferrous metal comprising the steps of adding to liquid engineering ferrous metal solid alloy carbide particles and thereafter permitting the ferrous metal to solidify. The alloy carbide particles are coated with iron or an iron alloy to allow wetting to occur between the powder and the liquid ferrous metal and the particles have a density which matches that of the ferrous metal to provide a uniform distribution of the carbide particles in the ferrous metal. A roll may be made having at least a shell made of metal by such a method by centrifugal casting or electroslag remelting.