Abstract: Disclosed is a method of separating the meta isomer of a haloalkylbenzene having the general formula from a mixture with at least one other isomer, where X is Cl or Br and R is alkyl from C2 to C12 or cycloalkyl from C3 to C8. About 0.0001 to about 5 wt % of a Friedel-Crafts catalyst is added to the mixture and the mixture is exposed to a brominating agent which preferentially brominates the meta isomer. The mixture is then heated at a temperature above the boiling point of the other isomers but below the boiling point of the brominated meta isomer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of making high purity 2,4- and 3,4-dichlorotoluene from parachlorotoluene that contains some metachlorotoluene. About 0.0001 to about 5 wt % of a Friedel-Crafts catalyst and about 0.5 to about 10 equivalents of a brominating agent are added to the parachlorotoluene. The metachlorotoluene is brominated, but most of the parachlorotoluene is not brominated. Without separating the brominated products from the unbrominated products, about 0.5 to about 1.5 equivalents of a chlorinating agent are added, whereby only the unbrominated products (i.e., the parachlorotoluene) are chlorinated. The resulting 2,4-dichlorotoluene and 3,4-dichlorotoluene can be separated by distillation.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of making an o-arylbenzonitrile by reacting o-chlorobenzonitrile with a substituted phenylzinc halide. The reaction is performed in the presence of a nickel catalyst, an ethereal solvent, and N-methylpyrrolidinone as a cosolvent.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of separating the meta isomer of a halotoluene having the general formula ##STR1## from a mixture with at least one other isomer, where X is Cl or Br. About 0.0001 to about 5 wt % of a Friedel-Crafts catalyst is added to the mixture and the mixture is exposed to a brominating agent which preferentially brominates the meta isomer. The mixture is then heated at a temperature above the boiling point of the other isomers but below the boiling point of the brominated meta isomer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of making a substituted diphenyldisulfide from a substituted thiophenol. A two phase reaction mixture is prepared which comprises a substituted thiophenol having the general formula ##STR1## hydrogen peroxide, water, an organic solvent, a basic salt that will give a pH between about 7 and about 10, and an optional flocculating agent. In the formula, R is selected from the group consisting of halogen, alkyl from C.sub.1 to C.sub.6, alkoxy from C.sub.1 to C.sub.6, or nitro. After the exothermic reaction is complete, the reaction mixture is cooled to crystallize the substituted diphenyldisulfide product. The symmetrical product precipitates preferentially over the unsymmetrical product, thereby enhancing the purity of the product over the purity of the starting material. Optionally, the organic solvent and the aqueous phase are recycled.

Abstract: Disclosed is a blend capable of forming a semi-interpenetrating network when cured of (A) a solution of about 30 to about 50 wt % solids in an organic solvent of a fully imidized polyimidesiloxane and (B) about 5 to about 30 pbw per 100 pbw of the polyimidesiloxane of an epoxy resin which comprises a cycloaliphatic epoxy and an epoxy curing agent. The polyimidesiloxane is the reaction product of an aromatic dianhydride and diamine. The diamine is about 5 to about 80 mole % non-siloxane containing aromatic diamine and the remainder a siloxane diamine, where the siloxane diamine is about 40 to about 80 wt % of the weight of the polyimidesiloxane. The blend is used to bond metal parts to ceramic packages.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of making an o-arylbenzonitrile. A mixture is prepared of o-chlorobenzonitrile and about 1.0 to about 2.0 equivalents per equivalent of o-chlorobenzonitrile of a substituted phenylmagnesium halide in about 5 to about 30 mL per gram of o-chlorobenzonitrile of a solvent system of an ethereal solvent and N-methyl pyrrolidinone. The o-chlorobenzonitrile is reacted with the substituted phenylmagnesium halide at a temperature of about 10-.degree. to about 25.degree. C.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for making an aromatic nitrile by reacting a benzotrichloride with an ammonium halide in the presence of an oxygen-donating initiator at a temperature of about 150.degree. to about 250.degree. C. An optional catalyst of a metal oxide or a metal salt can be used if desired.

Abstract: Disclosed is a solution which comprises(a) a substantially fully imidized polyimidesiloxane; and(b) a solvent which comprises at least 50 wt % of a substituted pyrrolidone having the general formula ##STR1## where R is aliphatic or cycloaliphatic from C.sub.3 to C.sub.10. Also disclosed is a method of forming a coating on a substrate by applying the solution to the substrate and evaporating the solvent. Coatings formed from this solution are not subject to whitening as are coatings formed from the same polymers in other solvents.

Abstract: Halophthalic anhydrides are prepared by the liquid phase reaction of a brominating agent with halogen substituted hexa- or tetra-hydrophthalic anhydrides.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a halophthalic anhydride, such as chlorophthalic anhydride, comprising the liquid phase reaction of bromine with a halogen substituted hexa- or tetra-hydrophthalic anhydride to produce halophthalic anhydride and gaseous HBr, and reacting the gaseous HBr with chlorine to regenerate bromine.

Abstract: Disclosed is an aromatic diamine having the general formula ##STR1## where A is a group containing at least one aromatic ring, each Y is independently selected from ##STR2## R is a group containing at least one olefinically unsaturated group, R' is hydrogen, alkyl to C.sub.25, aryl, or R, n is 1 to 4, and the number of olefinic groups in Y is at least 3 when each Y is ##STR3## and otherwise is at least 2. Photosensitive polyamic acids and polyimides can be prepared from the aromatic diamines which can be crosslinked with light to a mask to form patterns on a substrate.

Abstract: Halophthalic anhydrides are prepared by the liquid phase reaction of a brominating agent with halogen substituted hexa- or tetra-hydrophthalic anhydrides.

Abstract: Halogen substituted aromatic compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein Y is selected from the group CO.sub.2 H, COF, COCl, COBr, CF.sub.3, CN, NCO, or F, and X and X' are independently hydrogen or a halogen selected from the group F-, Cl- and Br-, at least one of X and X' being halogen; may be prepared by the liquid phase reaction of a brominating agent, at temperatures below about 190.degree. Celsius, with a correspondingly substituted cyclohexene or cyclohexadiene.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 3-chloro-4,5-difluorobenzonitrile comprising the steps of(a) reacting an alkali metal fluoride with 4-chloro-3,5-dinitrobenzonitrile to form a 4-fluoro-3,5-dinitrobenzonitrile product;(b) chlorodenitrating the 4-fluoro product of step (a) to form the corresponding 3,5-dichloro-4-fluorobenzonitrile compound; and(c) reacting the 3,5-dichloro-4-fluorobenzonitrile compound prepared in step (b) with an alkali metal fluoride to form 3-chloro-4,5-difluorobenzonitrile.

Abstract: Telomers are prepared by reacting chlorotrifluoroethylene with 1,2-dibromo-2-chlorotrifluoroethane (CBrClFCF.sub.2 Br) in the presence of a redox catalyst system comprising a metal halide selected from the group consisting of FeCl.sub.3, FeBr.sub.3, CuBr.sub.2, CuCl.sub.2, TiCl.sub.4, VCl.sub.3, and NiCl.sub.2, and a reducing agent selected from the group consisting of Fe, Ni, Cu, Ti, V and benzoin. The preferred catalyst system is ferric chloride and nickel. The telomers of this invention have the structural formula ##STR1## where n is in the range of 1 to 10, and are useful for preparing non-flammable hydraulic fluids.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for purifying and stabilizing a mixture of regular chlorotrifluoroethyelne telomers of formula RCXCl(CF.sub.2 CFCl).sub.n Br from bromine-containing irregular telomer impurities of similar molecular weight. The telomer mixture is produced by reacting chlorotrifluoroethylene with a telogen of formula RCXClBr, where R is CF.sub.2 Br, or Cl, and X is Cl or F. The telomer mixture is then chlorinated using either elevated temperature alone (100.degree. C.-350.degree. C.), or a combination of elevated temperatures (100.degree. C.-200.degree. C.) and light energy primarily of the wavelength region greater than about 3000.degree.A. Under these conditions, CFClBr telomer end group of the regular or normal telomer is chlorinated to form --CFCl.sub.2 end groups, while the bromine-containing irregular telomer impurities (whose bromine-containing end groups are substantially only --CF.sub.2 Br) are substantially not chlorinated.

Abstract: Fluoro-substituted carbocyclic compounds are prepared by(A) reacting hydrogen fluoride with a chloro-cyclohexenyl compound of the formula ##STR1## where R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently selected from the group consisting of --H, --CH.sub.2 OH, --COF, --COCl, --CF.sub.3, --CN, ##STR2## and --CH.sub.2 R, where R is --H or alkyl of 1-4 carbon atoms, to form a gem-dihalocyclohexane compound of the formula ##STR3## where X is chlorine and R.sub.1 and R.sub.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 3-chloro-4-fluoro-5-nitrobenzotrifluoride and 3,4-difluoro-5-nitrobenzotrifluoride by reaction of 3,4-di-chloro-5-nitrobenzotrifluoride and 4-chloro-3,5-dinitrobenzotrifluoride, respectively, with an alkali metal fluoride.

Abstract: Diphenyl ethers of the formula ##STR1## wherein m is 1-3, n is 1 or 2, R is hydrogen, carboxy, carboxylate salt or ester, formyl oxime, cyano, alkyl, alkoxy, chloro, bromo, or N, N-dialkyl amino, are prepared by reacting a chloro-fluoro-benzotrifluoride of the formula ##STR2## wherein m and n are as defined above with a nitro-phenoxide of the formula ##STR3## where R is defined above, and M is a cation of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal.