Abstract: A system for contribution-aware federated learning is provided. The system includes a server and a plurality of vehicles. Each of the plurality of vehicles includes a controller programmed to: train a local machine learning model using first local data; obtain metadata for hardware elements of corresponding vehicle; transmit the trained local machine learning model and the metadata to a server; receive an aggregated machine learning model from the server; and train the aggregated machine learning model using second local data. The server generates the aggregated machine learning model based on the trained local machine learning models and the metadata received from the plurality of vehicles.

Abstract: An edge device for providing an HD map to a vehicle is provided. The edge device includes a controller programmed to obtain an HD map request including a task type from a vehicle, obtain a status of a wireless channel between the vehicle and the edge device, determine an HD map version among a plurality of versions based on the status of the wireless channel and the task type, and transmit the determined HD map version to the vehicle.

Abstract: The disclosed system for loading and unloading the substrate includes: a substrate rotation apparatus having a first rotation position and a second rotation position with a difference in rotation angle of 90 degrees, wherein the substrate rotation apparatus includes two layers of sucker assemblies, each of which includes a plate body, a plurality of support suction tubes arranged on the plate body, and first suckers connected with tops of respective support suction tubes respectively, and there are gaps, for inserting the substrate therein, between respective first suckers of a lower layer of sucker assembly, and a plate body of an upper layer of sucker assembly; and a mechanical hand including a plurality of mechanical fingers capable of holding two halves of the substrate, both of which are arranged in a length direction of the mechanical fingers, and joined together into an entire substrate.

Abstract: The disclosed system for loading and unloading the substrate includes: a substrate rotation apparatus having a first rotation position and a second rotation position with a difference in rotation angle of 90 degrees, wherein the substrate rotation apparatus includes two layers of sucker assemblies, each of which includes a plate body, a plurality of support suction tubes arranged on the plate body, and first suckers connected with tops of respective support suction tubes respectively, and there are gaps, for inserting the substrate therein, between respective first suckers of a lower layer of sucker assembly, and a plate body of an upper layer of sucker assembly; and a mechanical hand including a plurality of mechanical fingers capable of holding two halves of the substrate, both of which are arranged in a length direction of the mechanical fingers, and joined together into an entire substrate.