Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed as including a first material volume with at least a hardened portion and a second material volume that includes at least two layers. The first material volume is composed of at least a hardenable alloy of steel. The at least two layers is located adjacent to a first surface comprising the hardened portion of the first material volume. The at least two layers includes a first layer composed of at least a ductile low-carbon alloy of steel and a second layer composed of at least a cobalt-based hardfacing over the first layer. The apparatus is applicable in preparing shear ram blocks and shear ram blades to provide a hardened blade edge with an adjacent hardfacing surface.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed as including a first material volume with at least a hardened portion and a second material volume that includes at least two layers. The first material volume is composed of at least a hardenable alloy of steel. The at least two layers is located adjacent to a first surface comprising the hardened portion of the first material volume. The at least two layers includes a first layer composed of at least a ductile low-carbon alloy of steel and a second layer composed of at least a cobalt-based hardfacing over the first layer. The apparatus is applicable in preparing shear ram blocks and shear ram blades to provide a hardened blade edge with an adjacent hardfacing surface.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed as including a first material volume with at least a hardened portion and a second material volume that includes at least two layers. The first material volume is composed of at least a hardenable alloy of steel. The at least two layers is located adjacent to a first surface comprising the hardened portion of the first material volume. The at least two layers includes a first layer composed of at least a ductile low-carbon alloy of steel and a second layer composed of at least a cobalt-based hardfacing over the first layer. The apparatus is applicable in preparing shear ram blocks and shear ram blades to provide a hardened blade edge with an adjacent hardfacing surface.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed as including a first material volume with at least a hardened portion and a second material volume that includes at least two layers. The first material volume is composed of at least a hardenable alloy of steel. The at least two layers is located adjacent to a first surface comprising the hardened portion of the first material volume. The at least two layers includes a first layer composed of at least a ductile low-carbon alloy of steel and a second layer composed of at least a cobalt-based hardfacing over the first layer. The apparatus is applicable in preparing shear ram blocks and shear ram blades to provide a hardened blade edge with an adjacent hardfacing surface.

Abstract: An electrode composition is disclosed, particularly useful for arc welding and utilized in a flux-cored arc electrode, which produces a slag that is readily removable. The electrode composition employs aluminum and magnesium in a atomic ratio of 1.5:1 or more, respectively. Also disclosed are methods for facilitating the removal of slag by use of particular electrode or welding compositions.

Abstract: An overlayer for a use on industrial components such as steel mill caster rolls which require enhanced abrasion, corrosion, and gall resistance. The overlayer has relatively lower carbon levels and relatively higher molybdenum levels relative to other alloys used as overlayers, The overlayer has reduced susceptibility to sensitization and enhanced corrosion resistance.

Abstract: A method for depositing corrosion and wear resistant high alloy overlayers on industrial component substrates. Dilution of alloying components from out of the overlayer into the substrate is minimized by use of electroslag surfacing onto horizontally positioned surfaces of the substrate using oscillating wire.

Abstract: A low alloy steel for use in building up industrial components subjected to service conditions requiring good impact toughness, resistance to tempering, and resistance to temper embrittlement, for example, for use as a build up layer for steel mill caster rolls and a submerged arc welding wire for deposition thereof. The composition of low alloy steel has less than about 0.1% C by weight, between about 1.5% and about 5.0% Ni by weight, and between about 0.5% and about 3.0% Mo by weight. Vanadium, Cr, and other carbide-formers are excluded from the low alloy steel sufficiently to avoid any significant precipitation of carbides upon deposition of the low alloy steel by welding onto an industrial component.