Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure pertain to an apparatus comprising a phase separator configured to separate a mixture comprising (i) water containing NaCl and (ii) oil and/or gas into separate streams comprising the water, the oil (when oil is in the mixture), and the gas (when gas is in the mixture), an electrochemical membrane separation cell configured to separate sodium and chloride ions in the water stream to form a stream comprising a first sodium hydroxide solution and a stream comprising (i) hydrochloric acid and/or (ii) chlorine gas, a compressor configured to compress a gas containing CO2, a spray dryer configured to mix aqueous NaOH and the compressed gas to form sodium carbonate, and a cyclone separator configured separate the sodium carbonate from any excess components of the aqueous NaOH and/or the compressed gas.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure pertain to an apparatus comprising a phase separator configured to separate a mixture comprising (i) water containing NaCl and (ii) oil and/or gas into separate streams comprising the water, the oil (when oil is in the mixture), and the gas (when gas is in the mixture), an electrochemical membrane separation cell configured to separate sodium and chloride ions in the water stream to form a stream comprising a first sodium hydroxide solution and a stream comprising (i) hydrochloric acid and/or (ii) chlorine gas, a compressor configured to compress a gas containing CO2, a spray dryer configured to mix aqueous NaOH and the compressed gas to form sodium carbonate, and a cyclone separator configured separate the sodium carbonate from any excess components of the aqueous NaOH and/or the compressed gas.

Abstract: An ion exchange column and a method of using the same are disclosed. The ion exchange column includes first interconnected chambers supporting a first portion of an ion exchange resin, second interconnected chambers supporting a second portion of the ion exchange resin, and a housing or casing enclosing the first and second interconnected chambers and the first and second ion exchange resin portions. The second chambers are physically isolated and/or separated from the first chambers. The ion exchange column is configured to cause a fluid passing through the first or second interconnected chambers to travel along a path that is longer than a height of the interconnected chambers. The present column and method improve efficiencies of fluid treatment and resin regeneration relative to a conventional dual-column design, and increase residence time between the resin and the fluid or regenerant relative to an otherwise identical single-column design.