Abstract: A composite structure suitable for use used for structural applications, as well as for sheathing and finishes, and packaging and crating materials, comprising layers of foamed core material, alternating with layers of material designed to absorb shear stresses, such as rigid structural membrane, and one or more external protective layers, thereby preventing damage to the foamed core material and increasing the strength and integrity of the overall assembly. The resulting structure is a panel resistant to shear, tension, and impact forces, as well as having resistance to vermin, fire, and aging. In some variations, the assembly comprises materials that are environmentally safe to produce and to dispose. The properties of the panels, including, for example, permeability, organic composition, absorption, and strength are tailorable to specific applications by using appropriate foamed material and protective layers.