Abstract: A substrate having a superhydrophobic surface and methods of manufacturing the same and uses thereof. The substrate comprises a frame of a first material of interconnected structures exhibiting cavities having the shape of inverted pyramids; and a second material comprising hydrophobic structures filling the cavities, wherein the sidewalls of the inverted pyramids form an angle ? of 105°<?<135° against the surface. The hydrophobic structures, such as nanoparticles, provide excellent water repellency, whereas the structures formed by a mechanically durable substrate material, typically comprising microstructures, act as armor to resist abrasion. The substrates are robust, durable and abrasion resistant and can be used as surfaces in self-cleaning, anti-fouling or heat transfer materials as well as in transparent surfaces, in particular in solar cells.

Abstract: A wear-resistant self-cleaning solar cell panel includes a transparent substrate. A plurality of continuous microstructures are arranged on the transparent substrate, and each microstructure is an inverted pyramid or an inverted conical hole, and the microstructure is filled with a plurality of superhydrophobic nanomaterials, the microstructures and the superhydrophobic nanomaterials jointly constitute a composite surface of the solar cell panel. An angle of a side wall of the inverted pyramid or the inverted conical hole is ?, wherein 30°<?<90°. A side length of the microstructure is a, wherein 1 ?m<a<2 mm. A spacing between adjacent microstructures is b, wherein 10 nm<b<2 mm. The superhydrophobic nanomaterials are filled into the microstructure by an in-situ deposition method or an indirect filling method.

Abstract: A wear-resistant self-cleaning solar cell panel includes a transparent substrate. A plurality of continuous microstructures are arranged on the transparent substrate, and each microstructure is an inverted pyramid or an inverted conical hole, and the microstructure is filled with a plurality of superhydrophobic nanomaterials, the microstructures and the superhydrophobic nanomaterials jointly constitute a composite surface of the solar cell panel. An angle of a side wall of the inverted pyramid or the inverted conical hole is ?, wherein 30°<?<90°. A side length of the microstructure is a, wherein 1 ?m<a<2 mm. A spacing between adjacent microstructures is b, wherein 10 nm<b<2 mm. The superhydrophobic nanomaterials are filled into the microstructure by an in-situ deposition method or an indirect filling method.

Abstract: The present application relates to a deicing composition, specifically to a chlorine-free deicing composition, comprising at least two active ingredients selected from glycerol, a glycol-type compound and a salt of an organic acid. The deicing compositions of the present invention contain no chlorine-containing material, are relatively less corrosive to concrete and carbon steels, and have no toxic effect on plants. Moreover, the deicing compositions of the present invention have high deicing efficiency, which is, according to the Chinese national standard GB/T23851-2009, up to 200% of the efficiency of sodium chloride or more. In addition, the deicing compositions of the present invention maintain a long-lasting deicing effect (e.g., a deicing effect for up to 3 hours).

Abstract: The present invention provides methods of producing L-lysine at a high yield using an Escherichia bacterium, especially E. coli, comprising a wild type or variant dapA gene of B. subtilis. The invention also provides related recombinant Escherichia bacteria, especially E. coli, for use to produce L-lysine.

Abstract: The present application relates to a deicing composition, specifically to a chlorine-free deicing composition, comprising at least two active ingredients selected from glycerol, a glycol-type compound and a salt of an organic acid. The deicing compositions of the present invention contain no chlorine-containing material, are relatively less corrosive to concrete and carbon steels, and have no toxic effect on plants. Moreover, the deicing compositions of the present invention have high deicing efficiency, which is, according to the Chinese national standard GB/T23851-2009, up to 200% of the efficiency of sodium chloride or more. In addition, the deicing compositions of the present invention maintain a long-lasting deicing effect (e.g., a deicing effect for up to 3 hours).

Abstract: The present invention provides methods of producing L-lysine at a high yield using an Escherichia bacterium, especially E. coli, comprising a wild type or variant dapA gene of B. subtilis. The invention also provides related recombinant Escherichia bacteria, especially E. coli, for use to produce L-lysine.