Abstract: A method for preparing chiral amines useful as pharmaceutical intermediates is provided. The method comprises contacting an ester of formula I in which R1 is a methyl or an ethyl group; R2 is a linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl group; and n is 0 or 1 with an enantioselective ?-transaminase in the presence of an amino donor so that the ?-transaminase catalyses the enantioselective transfer of an amino group from the amino donor to the ?- or ?-ketone group of the ester of formula I to produce an amino ester product with enantiomeric excess of a selected enantiomer.

Abstract: An emulsion-derived particle comprises a lattice of polymeric strands cross-linked by means of a cross-linking agent, and interstitial openings adjacent and around the strands. Functional groups are provided on the lattice and proteins and/or modified proteins can react with these, thereby to be bonded to the lattice and hence immobilized.

Abstract: An emulsion-derived particle comprises a lattice of polymeric strands cross-linked by means of a cross-linking agent, and interstitial openings adjacent and around the strands. Functional groups are provided on the lattice and proteins and/or modified proteins can react with these, thereby to be bonded to the lattice and hence immobilised.

Abstract: Methods and materials for the production of the high intensity sweetener, monatin, in stereoisomerically-pure or stereoisomerically-enriched form are disclosed. For example, methods using stereoisoselective hydrolysis and separation of a monatin-derived lactone ester are disclosed.

Abstract: Methods for preferentially hydrolyzing one stereoisomer of an isoxazoline diester over another, as well as an enzyme for facilitating the preferential hydrolysis are provided. Also provided are methods for providing mixtures of (RR) and (RS) monatin as well as (SS) and (SR) monatin, which methods can include the step of stereoselectively hydrolyzing an isoxazoline diester.

Abstract: Methods for preferentially hydrolyzing one stereoisomer of an isoxazoline diester over another, as well as an enzyme for facilitating the preferential hydrolysis are provided. Also provided are methods for providing mixtures of (RR) and (RS) monatin as well as (SS) and (SR) monatin, which methods can include the step of stereoselectively hydrolyzing an isoxazoline diester.

Abstract: An emulsion-derived particle includes a lattice of polymeric strands cross-linked by means of a cross-linking agent, and interstitial openings adjacent and around the strands. Functional groups are provided on the lattice and proteins and/or modified proteins can react with these, thereby to be bonded to the lattice and hence immobilized.

Abstract: A process for producing enzymes structures includes providing an emulsion of droplets of a first liquid phase dispersed in a second liquid phase. The one liquid phase is a hydrophilic phase, while the other liquid phase is a hydrophobic phase which is immiscible with the hydrophilic phase. Enzyme molecules are located at or within interfacial boundaries of the droplets and the second liquid phase. The enzyme molecules of the respective droplets are cross-linked so that individual enzyme structures, which are stable and in which the enzymes are immobilized with a majority of active sites of the enzymes being orientated either internally or externally, are formed from individual droplets.

Abstract: Methods for preferentially hydrolyzing one stereoisomer of an isoxazoline diester over another, as well as an enzyme for facilitating the preferential hydrolysis are provided. Also provided are methods for providing mixtures of (RR) and (RS) monatin as well as (SS) and (SR) monatin, which methods can include the step of stereoselectively hydrolyzing an isoxazoline diester.

Abstract: Methods and materials for the production of the high intensity sweetener, monatin, in stereoisomerically-pure or stereoisomerically-enriched form are disclosed. For example, methods using stereoisoselective hydrolysis and separation of a monatin-derived lactone ester are disclosed.

Abstract: A process for producing enzymes structures includes providing an emulsion of droplets of a first liquid phase dispersed in a second liquid phase. The one liquid phase is a hydrophilic phase, while the other liquid phase is a hydrophobic phase which is immiscible with the hydrophilic phase. Enzyme molecules are located at or within interfacial boundaries of the droplets and the second liquid phase. The enzyme molecules of the respective droplets are cross-linked so that individual enzyme structures, which are stable and in which the enzymes are immobilized with a majority of active sites of the enzymes being orientated either internally or externally, are formed from individual droplets.

Abstract: A process of separating a single desired stereoisomer from a racemic mixture of eight stereoisomers of a compound of formula (III), wherein R1 represents an isopropanol group, an isopropyl group or an isopropylene group, includes the steps of: contacting the racemic mixture in a suitable organic solvent with an esterifying agent and a stereospecific enzyme which stereoselectively esterifies the —OH group of the desired stereoisomer, for a time sufficient to convert a desired percentage of the desired stereoisomer to a compound of formula (IV), wherein R1 is as defined above and R4 is an alkyl or an aryl group, to give a first reaction product including the compound of formula (IV), the organic solvent, the unconverted stereoisomers of the compound of formula (III), excess esterifying agent and by-products of the reaction; and separating the compound of formula (IV) from the first reaction product.

Abstract: A process of separating a desired (−) stereoisomer which is selected from (−) menthol or an equivalent (−) compound where the isopropyl group is replaced with an isopropanol or an isopropylene group, from a starting material comprising: 40 to 100 m/m % of a mixture of (−)-menthol and (+)-menthol; up to 30 m/m % of a mixture of (−)-isomenthol and (+)-isomenthol; up to 20 m/m % of a mixture of (−)-neomenthol and (+)-neomenthol; and up to 10 m/m % of a mixture of (−)-neoisomenthol and (+)-neoisomenthol or an equivalent (+) mixture where the isopropyl group is replaced with an isopropanol or an isopropylene group, includes the steps of: contacting the starting material with an esterifying agent and a stereospecific enzyme which is a Pseudomonas lipase enzyme which stereoselectively esterifies the —OH group of the desired (−) steroisomer, for a time sufficient to convert a desired percentage of the desired (−) stereoisomer to a de

Abstract: A process of separating a single desired stereoisomer from a racemic mixture of eight stereoisomers of a compound of formula (III), wherein R1 represents an isopropanol group, an isopropyl group or an isopropylene group, includes the steps of: contacting the racemic mixture in a suitable organic solvent with an esterifying agent and a stereospecific enzyme which stereoselectively esterifies the —OH group of the desired stereoisomer, for a time sufficient to convert a desired percentage of the desired stereoisomer to a compound of formula (IV), wherein R1 is as defined above and R4 is an alkyl or an aryl group, to give a first reaction product including the compound of formula (IV), the organic solvent, the unconverted stereoisomers of the compound of formula (III), excess esterifying agent and by-products of the reaction; and separating the compound of formula (IV) from the first reaction product. The process is of particular application for the production of (−)-menthol.