Abstract: An electrochemical treatment electrode configured to contact an internal surface of metallic article with an electrochemical treatment fluid, the electrode comprising: a flexible conducting body; and a plurality of flexible elements connected to and extending generally outwardly of the flexible conducting body which are configured to locate an electrochemical treatment fluid around the flexible conducting body, wherein the plurality of flexible elements includes a plurality of conductive fibres or non-conductive fibres extending generally outwardly of the flexible conducting body, the plurality of conductive fibres or non-conductive fibres configured to contact the internal surface of the metallic article when the electrode is in use.

Abstract: A method for electropolishing a manufactured metallic article, the method comprising: contacting the metallic article with an electropolishing electrolyte; and electropolishing the metallic article in the electropolishing electrolyte through the application of an applied current regime comprising: at least one electropolishing regime, each electropolishing regime comprising a current density of at least 2 A/cm2 and a voltage comprising a shaped waveform having a frequency from 2 Hz to 300 kHz, a minimum voltage of at least 0 V and a maximum voltage of between 0.5 to 500 V.

Abstract: A method for electropolishing a manufactured metallic article, the method comprising: contacting the metallic article with an electropolishing electrolyte; and electropolishing the metallic article in the electropolishing electrolyte through the application of an applied current regime comprising: at least one electropolishing regime, each electropolishing regime comprising a current density of at least 2 A/cm2 and a voltage comprising a shaped waveform having a frequency from 2 Hz to 300 kHz, a minimum voltage of at least 0 V and a maximum voltage of between 0.5 to 500 V.

Abstract: An electropolishing apparatus comprises a direct current electrical power supply and reservoirs of electrolyte and coolant, a lead which carries current to a cathode block and pumps which pump the electrolyte and coolant from their respective reservoirs through tubes to the block which is made of brass and is covered with an electrolyte absorbent boot knitted from Teflon coated fiber glass thread.