Abstract: The disclosure concerns a method of treating complications of acute or chronic hyperglycemia and/or diet-induced obesity comprising: (i) determining whether a patient suffers from complications related to acute or chronic hyperglycemia and/or diet induced obesity, and if so, (ii) administering to the patient in need thereof a selective inhibitor of soluble TNF-? but not transmembrane TNF-?. For purposes herein, complications of acute or chronic hyperglycemia and/or diet-induced obesity include: diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis, fibrotic liver disease, vascular disease, and chronic intestinal inflammation.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to uses of 5-aminovaleric acid betaine and compositions related thereto. In certain embodiments, this disclosure relates to diagnostic assays and methods of measuring and monitoring 5-aminovaleric acid betaine levels or the ratio 5-aminovaleric acid betaine to carnitine in a sample.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods of detecting Plasmodium in a subject (for example, presence of Plasmodium parasite) by detecting the presence and/or amount of one or more metabolites in a sample from the subject. In some embodiments, the methods include detecting in the sample one or more metabolites listed in Table 1, Table 2, and/or Tables 5-8. The amount of the one or more metabolites in the sample is compared to the amount of the one or more metabolites in a control and presence of Plasmodium is determined if the amount of the one or more metabolites is different (for example statistically significantly increased or decreased) compared to the control.

Abstract: Described herein are computer-readable storage mediums, methods and systems useful for analyzing samples via mass spectrometry. Aspects described herein include methods for normalizing mass spectrometry data that include providing a reference set of mass spectrometry data obtained from a first external standard sample having one or more isotopic standards, wherein the reference set of mass spectrometry data comprises one or more m/z intensity ratios. Methods described herein are useful for reducing errors based on instrument response and ionization efficiencies and improve reproducibility of data from instrument to instrument and from day to day.

Abstract: Described herein are computer-readable storage mediums, methods and systems useful for analyzing samples via mass spectrometry. Aspects described herein include methods for normalizing mass spectrometry data that include providing a reference set of mass spectrometry data obtained from a first external standard sample having one or more isotopic standards, wherein the reference set of mass spectrometry data comprises one or more m/z intensity ratios. Methods described herein are useful for reducing errors based on instrument response and ionization efficiencies and improve reproducibility of data from instrument to instrument and from day to day.

Abstract: A method for predicting onset or risk of atrial fibrillation in a subject includes determining the presence of an oxidative stress marker, such as glutathione, cysteine, and/or a derivative of a reactive oxidative metabolite (DROM).

Abstract: A method for predicting onset or risk of atrial fibrillation in a subject includes determining the presence of an oxidative stress marker, such as glutathione, cysteine, and/or a derivative of a reactive oxidative metabolite (DROM).

Abstract: The present disclosure describes methods for minimizing oxidative damage in an animal or human during or after malnutrition, underfeeding or fasting, especially during refeeding after undernutrition or malnutrition, and for minimizing oxidant damage during or after toxicity resulting from chemotherapy, alcoholism, irradiation therapy or chemical or environmental exposure to a toxic compound. Administration of an effective amount of a gut trophic growth factor (GTGF) effective for improving gut and/or systemic antioxidant status results in improved clinical condition and/or outcome for the patient or animal to which the GTGF has been administered. In the context of the present disclosure, GTGF includes fibroblast growth factors, keratinocyte growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, insulin-like growth factor I, glucagon, glicentin, and glucagon-like peptide.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods for minimizing oxidative damage in an animal or human during or after malnutrition, underfeeding or fasting, especially during refeeding after undernutrition or malnutrition, and for minimizing oxidant damage during or after toxicity resulting from chemotherapy, alcoholism, irradiation therapy or chemical or environmental exposure. The present methods comprise the step of administering an amount of keratinocyte growth factor effective for improving gut and/or systemic antioxidant status.

Abstract: Administration of one or more of glutathione, its disulfide dimer, ascorbate-2-phosphate, or N-acetyl-L-cysteine, with or without antioxidants, is suitable for the treatment of influenza virus infection, as well as prophylactic prevention of influenza virus infection.

Abstract: Administration of one or more of glutathione, its disulfide dimer, ascorbate-2-phosphate, or N-acetyl-L-cysteine, with or without antioxidants, is suitable for the treatment of influenza virus infection, as well as prophylactic prevention of influenza virus infection.