Abstract: A dispersant which is a phosphate ester of a polymer which contains at least one ether group and a poly(oxyalkylenecarbonyl) chain (POAC chain) derivable from two or more different hydroxycarboxyl acids or lactones thereof. Also disclosed is the use of the dispersants in paints and printing inks including millbases. The preferred dispersants are phosphate esters of an alkyl end-capped poly(oxyalkylenecarbonyl) chain alcohol where the POAC chain is derived from &egr;-caprolactone and &dgr;-valerolactone and the alkyl group is derived from a monohydroxypolyalkyleneglycol.

Abstract: A polymer comprising the addition reaction product of a polyisocyanate having a functionality of from 2 to 10 and a succinylpolyether having a C6-30-alk(en)yl group and at least one group which is capable of reacting with the polyisocyanate and where the number of recurring ethyleneoxy groups in the polyether is from 4 to 800

Abstract: A dispersant which is a phosphate ester of a polymer which contains at least one ether group and a poly(oxyalkylenecarbonyl) chain (POAC chain) derivable from two or more different hydroxycarboxyl acids or lactones thereof. Also disclosed is the use of the dispersants in paints and printing inks including millbases. The preferred dispersants are phosphate esters of an alkyl end-capped poly(oxyalkylenecarbonyl) chain alcohol where the POAC chain is derived from &egr;-caprolactone and &dgr;-valerolactone and the alkyl group is derived from a monohydroxypolyalkyleneglycol.

Abstract: Basic and acid dispersants derived from branched alkyl aliphatic acids and alcohols and one or more hydroxy carboxylic acid or lactone to give a polyoxyalkylenecarbonyl chain (POAC) having a terminal carboxylic acid group (TPOAC acid) or terminal hydroxy group (TPOAC alcohol). Preferred basic dispersants are obtained by reaching one or more TPOAC acids with a polyamine or polyimine such as polyethyleneimine and preferred anionic dispersants are prepared by forming a phosphate ester of a TPOAC alcohol.

Abstract: A dispersion comprising a particulate solid, a polar organic liquid and a dispersant of formula (1) wherein R is optionally substituted C4-50-hydrocarbyl; X is —O—, —S— or —NR2—; R1 is hydrogen or C1-6, -alkyl which may be linear or branched; R2 is hydrogen or C1-6, alkyl which may be linear or branched or a group —(C2H4O)n(AO)p—R1; AO is alkyleneoxy containing 3 or more carbon atoms; n is 0 to 30; p is 4 to 100; and p>n; and a is from 1 to 3. Preferred compounds are where R1 is hydrogen, X is —O— and a is 1 and R is the residue of 2-naphthol.

Abstract: The use of an amine functional polymer, including salts thereof, as a rheology modifier for solvent-based paints, inks, filled thermosetting resins and thermosetting resin-based gelcoats whereby the amine functional polymer contains not less that 42% by weight of the residue of one or more amine-containing monomers, or salts thereof, relative to the weight of the polymer. Preferably the amine functional polymer is obtainable from two or more monomers which contain at least one ethylenically unsaturated group such as styrene and 2-dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate.

Abstract: A dispersant of formula 1 wherein R is hydrogen or a polymerisation termination group; Z is an acidic or basic group or a moiety containing either an acidic or basic group; A is C3-7alkylene optionally substituted by alkyl; Gly is oxymethylenecarbonyl; n and m are integers; and n+m is from 2 to 100. The dispersants are used to disperse particulate solids such as pigments in paints and inks. Examples of the dispersants include mixed polyester chains derived from &egr;-caprolactone and/or &dgr;-valerolactone with glycolic acid where the mixed polyester chain is reacted with either a polyalkyleneimine or with a phosphating agent.

Abstract: An amine dispersant containing one or more amino and/or imino groups, a poly(oxy-C1-6-alkylene carbonyl) chain (POAC chain) obtainable from two or more different linear hydroxycarboxylic acids or lactones thereof and a residue of an ethylenically unsaturated group wherein the amino and/or imino groups are attached via the ethylenically unsaturated group. The POAC chain may be made from 2-hydroxyethylacrylate, &egr;-caprolactone and &dgr;-valerolactone and the amine and/or imino groups may be provided by polyethyleneimine.

Abstract: A dispersant which is a phosphate ester of a polymer which contains at least one ether group and a poly(oxyalkylenecarbonyl) chain (POAC chain) derivable from two or more different hydroxycarboxyl acids or lactones thereof. Also disclosed is the use of the dispersants in paints and printing inks including millbases. The preferred dispersants are phosphate esters of an alkyl end-capped poly(oxyalkylenecarbonyl) chain alcohol where the POAC chain is derived from &egr;-caprolactone and &dgr;-valerolactone and the alkyl group is derived from a monohydroxypolyalkyleneglycol.

Abstract: A dispersant of formula 1 1

Abstract: A dispersant comprising the addition product of a polyisocyanate having an average functionality of from 2 to 10 and one or more poly(oxyalkylene carbonyl) chains (POAC chain) such as those containing a POAC chain derived from &egr;-caprolactone and &dgr;-valerolactone. The dispersants are used to disperse pigments in paints and printing inks.

Abstract: A dispersant of general Formula I T—(A)n(B)p—Z   (1) wherein T is hydrogen or a polymerisation terminating group; Z is an acidic or basic group or a moiety containing either an acidic or basic group; A and B are each, independently, oxyalkylene carbonyl groups derivable from &dgr;-valerolactone, &egr;-caprolactone or alkyl substituted &egr;-caprolactone provided that both are not &egr;-caprolactone or &dgr;-valerolactone; n and p are integers; and n+p is from 2 to 100; including salts thereof. Specific examples of dispersants are the reaction product of lauric acid, &dgr;-caprolactone, 7-methyl-&egr;-caprolactone with PEI, the reaction product of lauric acid, &egr;-caprolactone, &dgr;-valerolactone with PEI and the phosphate of the reaction product of dodecanol, &egr;-caprolactone and &dgr;-valerolactone.

Abstract: A dispersant for aqueous mill-bases obtainable by reacting a polyethylene glycol with a molar excess of a hydroxycarboxylic acid containing from 4 to 17 carbon atoms or lactone thereof and/or with a C3-4-alkylene oxide to form a polymeric diol and phosphating the diol. The preferred hydroxycarboxylic acid or lactone is &egr;-caprolactone.

Abstract: A dispersant which is a phosphate ester of a block copolymer of formula MeO(C.sub.2 H.sub.4 O).sub.m (PES).sub.n --H wherein PES is derived from .epsilon.-caprolactone, m is 5-60, n is 2-30 and the MW of MeO(C.sub.2 H.sub.4 O).sub.m is greater than the MW of (PES).sub.n and use in aqueous-based paints and printing inks.

Abstract: A composition comprising a particulate solid and a dispersant which is a phosphate ester of a compound of formula 1: ##STR1## wherein Y is methoxy or H--(EO).sub.q, m and q are each independently from 5 to 50 and n is from 5 to 70. When Y is a methoxy, n is preferably 20 and m is preferably 10. When Y is H--(EO).sub.q, m and q are preferably 13 and n is preferably 30.

Abstract: A dispersant which is a phosphate ester of a polyalkylene ether block copolymer of formula MeO(C.sub.2 H.sub.4 O).sub.m (C.sub.3 H.sub.6 O).sub.n --H wherein m and n are each, independently, 2 to 60 and use in aqueous based paints and printing inks.

Abstract: A reduced shade paint or ink comprising(a) a base paint or ink comprising a base pigment such as titanium dioxide, a film-forming resin and a non-polar liquid such as white spirits;(b) one or more dispersant which is a phosphate ester of a compound of formula 1 ##STR1## wherein Y is a group RO-- or a group H--(EO).sub.q --;R is C.sub.1-10 -alkyl;m and q are each, independently, from 5 to 50;n is from 5 to 70; and(c) a tinter composition comprising a colored pigment, water and/or a water-miscible solvent such as ethyleneglycol.

Abstract: The use of substituted phthalocyanines for the generation of singlet oxygen in which at least one of the peripheral carbon atoms in the 1-16 positions of the phthalocyanine nucleus (M.sub.k Pc) of Formula (1): ##STR1## wherein: M is selected from H, metal, halometal, oxymetal and hydroxymetal; andk is the inverse of 1/2 of the valency of M; is linked via an oxygen atom to an aromatic radical and the remaining peripheral carbon atoms are unsubstituted or substituted by any combination of atoms or groups and sulphonated derivatives thereof provided that the phthalocyanine absorbs electromagnetic radiation at a wavelength from 650 nm to 800 nm.

Abstract: A dispersant for aqueous mill-bases obtainable by reacting a polyethylene glycol with a molar excess of a hydroxycarboxylic acid containing from 4 to 17 carbon atoms or lactone thereof and/or with a C.sub.3-4 -alkylene oxide to form a polymeric diol and phosphating the diol. The preferred hydroxycarboxylic acid or lactone is .epsilon.-caprolactone.

Abstract: A method of preparing a non-aqueous dispersion of CuPc which comprises milling crude CuPc in a high boiling liquid at a temperature from 50.degree. to 150.degree. C. in the presence of a polyester amine or polyesterammonium salt and a CuPc fluidising agent. Preferred polyesterammonium salt is obtainable by reacting polyhydroxystearic acid with 3-dimethylaminopropylamine quaternised with dimethylsulphate.